Rolf Guthmann
Aug25-04, 06:55 PM
What is gravity? What is its cause or source? Many minds have
attempted to solve this ancient puzzle, but no one has yet been fully
successful. For Newton, the force of gravity was merely a function of
masses and the distance between them. For Einstein, gravity caused
a deformation of the space-time continuum. On this basis, he
developed a highly complex algebra that merely describes it
geometrically. The majority of studies to date explain only the
effects of gravity and not its nature.
The unification of gravity with electricity has been a challenge for
many great physicists of the last century. Einstein dedicated almost
35 years to the problem without success, while, in 1968, Dirac
suggested that it would not be possible to unify the fundamental
forces.
There is now a large body of evidence to suggest a strong connection
between - and perhaps a common fundamental origin of -
electromagnetism and gravity, as exemplified by an innovative
experiment presented at the recent meeting of the American
Astronomical Society. Carried out by the University of Missouri -
Columbia and the National Radioastronomy Observatory, it used precise
measurements to show that gravity is propagated at the same velocity
as light. The relationship between gravity and electricity is also
demonstrated by the fact that both obey the inverse square law,
despite the immense differences in their relative intensities and
distances.
In http://www.geocities.com/rolfguthmann/QTG/qtg.html we where
demonstrates both the origin of this relationship and the reason for
these differences.
Further evidence is derived from Einstein's Theory of Relativity, and
is based on the principle of the equivalence of inertial and
gravitational mass, whereby both experience the same acceleration in a
gravitational field, with immense precision. This theory shows that
gravity and inertia are the same thing, because both act on a body in
the same manner, with their forces proportional to the mass of the
body. It can thus be acknowledged that gravity and inertia have a
similar origin. It is important to remember that the latter results
from a very common phenomenon: the application of a force to a massive
body.
The question of gravity can thus be answered through the two facts
presented here: gravity is an inertia and is caused by an
electromagnetic force of nuclear origin. The evidence also shows that
the source or cause of gravity is the relative difference between the
electrostatic and centripetal forces within atoms. We will see that
the origin of these differences lies in the relativistic motion of
electrons and the time reference they adopt.
In order to understand the workings of gravity, we must understand the
origin and workings of time and the connection between time and
gravity. We must therefore find a physical interpretation that better
matches observed phenomena, replacing the Uncertainty Principle with
the Temporal Uncertainty Principle as the factor of imprecision in the
behavior of subatomic particles. Under the Temporal Uncertainty
Principle, a particle is always out of phase with the present or with
its local time reference. For any observer at any moment, there will
be a slight temporal dislocation either towards the past or towards
the future, resembling a sine curve when visualized in two dimensions,
or a spiral in three dimensions, in both cases centered on the x-axis,
which represents the atom's local "present" or local time reference.
Gravity is generated only when an atom is found in a gravitational
field, without which there can be no temporal reference, this being
defined by the presence of at least one other atom. The beginning of
time thus occurred as of the existence of the second atom in the
universe. The gravity generated also depends on the intensity of the
gravitational field, hence the expression that "gravity gravitates".
Time passes at different rates in different locations in the universe
according to the intensity of local gravitational potential, a
property exhaustively tested and demonstrated by the Theory of General
Relativity. Adopting time as the factor of imprecision, the same atom
under the influence of gravitational fields of different intensities
will experience time passing at different rates: the sensation of the
atom's mass or gravity will also be different in these different
locations. This variation will be extremely small, to the point that
it cannot be calculated with scientifically acceptable precision, but
its existence is sufficient to explain a number of cosmic phenomena
not previously understood, such as dark matter and the gravitational
anomalies experienced by deep space probes.
On the basis of the above, we can disregard the controversial Mach
Principle, which establishes that the inertial and gravitational
properties of matter are somehow linked to the existence of all of the
matter in the universe. We can also disregard the influence of distant
stars in the definition of an atom's local time reference: the
behavior of the water in Newton's famous bucket experiment (How does
the water know it is in rotation? In rotation with respect to what?)
can be explained perfectly well if we consider that gravity is
generated by the atoms. In this case, the reference will be the atom
itself accelerated in relation to the others, because each atom is a
source of gravity-time and therefore a temporal reference: a
collection of such references defines a local time reference.
All the intricate and complex philosophy surrounding the difficulty of
explaining relative or absolute acceleration is resolved when we refer
the present or local time reference to the nucleus of the atom. It is
in the dependence of inertia and gravity on the local time reference
that we find the explanation for the question of the inertial
reference system: the rate of time experienced by the observer will
define what is observed.
In this way, we can regard gravity not as one of the four fundamental
forces, but as a relative difference between known interactions:
electromagnetism, the strong force and the weak force.
In the following SITE http://www.geocities.com/rolfguthmann/ we will
demonstrate how gravity can be found in atoms and the importance of
time.
attempted to solve this ancient puzzle, but no one has yet been fully
successful. For Newton, the force of gravity was merely a function of
masses and the distance between them. For Einstein, gravity caused
a deformation of the space-time continuum. On this basis, he
developed a highly complex algebra that merely describes it
geometrically. The majority of studies to date explain only the
effects of gravity and not its nature.
The unification of gravity with electricity has been a challenge for
many great physicists of the last century. Einstein dedicated almost
35 years to the problem without success, while, in 1968, Dirac
suggested that it would not be possible to unify the fundamental
forces.
There is now a large body of evidence to suggest a strong connection
between - and perhaps a common fundamental origin of -
electromagnetism and gravity, as exemplified by an innovative
experiment presented at the recent meeting of the American
Astronomical Society. Carried out by the University of Missouri -
Columbia and the National Radioastronomy Observatory, it used precise
measurements to show that gravity is propagated at the same velocity
as light. The relationship between gravity and electricity is also
demonstrated by the fact that both obey the inverse square law,
despite the immense differences in their relative intensities and
distances.
In http://www.geocities.com/rolfguthmann/QTG/qtg.html we where
demonstrates both the origin of this relationship and the reason for
these differences.
Further evidence is derived from Einstein's Theory of Relativity, and
is based on the principle of the equivalence of inertial and
gravitational mass, whereby both experience the same acceleration in a
gravitational field, with immense precision. This theory shows that
gravity and inertia are the same thing, because both act on a body in
the same manner, with their forces proportional to the mass of the
body. It can thus be acknowledged that gravity and inertia have a
similar origin. It is important to remember that the latter results
from a very common phenomenon: the application of a force to a massive
body.
The question of gravity can thus be answered through the two facts
presented here: gravity is an inertia and is caused by an
electromagnetic force of nuclear origin. The evidence also shows that
the source or cause of gravity is the relative difference between the
electrostatic and centripetal forces within atoms. We will see that
the origin of these differences lies in the relativistic motion of
electrons and the time reference they adopt.
In order to understand the workings of gravity, we must understand the
origin and workings of time and the connection between time and
gravity. We must therefore find a physical interpretation that better
matches observed phenomena, replacing the Uncertainty Principle with
the Temporal Uncertainty Principle as the factor of imprecision in the
behavior of subatomic particles. Under the Temporal Uncertainty
Principle, a particle is always out of phase with the present or with
its local time reference. For any observer at any moment, there will
be a slight temporal dislocation either towards the past or towards
the future, resembling a sine curve when visualized in two dimensions,
or a spiral in three dimensions, in both cases centered on the x-axis,
which represents the atom's local "present" or local time reference.
Gravity is generated only when an atom is found in a gravitational
field, without which there can be no temporal reference, this being
defined by the presence of at least one other atom. The beginning of
time thus occurred as of the existence of the second atom in the
universe. The gravity generated also depends on the intensity of the
gravitational field, hence the expression that "gravity gravitates".
Time passes at different rates in different locations in the universe
according to the intensity of local gravitational potential, a
property exhaustively tested and demonstrated by the Theory of General
Relativity. Adopting time as the factor of imprecision, the same atom
under the influence of gravitational fields of different intensities
will experience time passing at different rates: the sensation of the
atom's mass or gravity will also be different in these different
locations. This variation will be extremely small, to the point that
it cannot be calculated with scientifically acceptable precision, but
its existence is sufficient to explain a number of cosmic phenomena
not previously understood, such as dark matter and the gravitational
anomalies experienced by deep space probes.
On the basis of the above, we can disregard the controversial Mach
Principle, which establishes that the inertial and gravitational
properties of matter are somehow linked to the existence of all of the
matter in the universe. We can also disregard the influence of distant
stars in the definition of an atom's local time reference: the
behavior of the water in Newton's famous bucket experiment (How does
the water know it is in rotation? In rotation with respect to what?)
can be explained perfectly well if we consider that gravity is
generated by the atoms. In this case, the reference will be the atom
itself accelerated in relation to the others, because each atom is a
source of gravity-time and therefore a temporal reference: a
collection of such references defines a local time reference.
All the intricate and complex philosophy surrounding the difficulty of
explaining relative or absolute acceleration is resolved when we refer
the present or local time reference to the nucleus of the atom. It is
in the dependence of inertia and gravity on the local time reference
that we find the explanation for the question of the inertial
reference system: the rate of time experienced by the observer will
define what is observed.
In this way, we can regard gravity not as one of the four fundamental
forces, but as a relative difference between known interactions:
electromagnetism, the strong force and the weak force.
In the following SITE http://www.geocities.com/rolfguthmann/ we will
demonstrate how gravity can be found in atoms and the importance of
time.