View Full Version : quarks
<jabberwocky><div class="vbmenu_control"><a href="jabberwocky:;" onClick="newWindow=window.open('','usenetCode','toolbar=no, location=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,status=no ,width=650,height=400'); newWindow.document.write('<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Usenet ASCII</TITLE></HEAD><BODY topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 BGCOLOR=#F1F1F1><table border=0 width=625><td bgcolor=midnightblue><font color=#F1F1F1>This Usenet message\'s original ASCII form: </font></td></tr><tr><td width=449><br><br><font face=courier><UL><PRE>\n\nthis year\'s NOBLE PRIZE was given to three american scientists abt the\ninteraction of quarks. what is it all abt? how did they discover that\nprotons and neutrons can be divided into smallerparticles called\nquarks?what r the properties of these quarks?\n\n</UL></PRE></font></td></tr></table></BODY><HTML>');"> <IMG SRC=/images/buttons/ip.gif BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER ALT="View this Usenet post in original ASCII form"> View this Usenet post in original ASCII form </a></div><P></jabberwocky>this year's NOBLE PRIZE was given to three american scientists abt the
interaction of quarks. what is it all abt? how did they discover that
protons and neutrons can be divided into smallerparticles called
quarks?what r the properties of these quarks?
<jabberwocky><div class="vbmenu_control"><a href="jabberwocky:;" onClick="newWindow=window.open('','usenetCode','toolbar=no, location=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,status=no ,width=650,height=400'); newWindow.document.write('<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Usenet ASCII</TITLE></HEAD><BODY topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 BGCOLOR=#F1F1F1><table border=0 width=625><td bgcolor=midnightblue><font color=#F1F1F1>This Usenet message\'s original ASCII form: </font></td></tr><tr><td width=449><br><br><font face=courier><UL><PRE>This years Physics Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of\nasymptotic freedom of the strong force. This means that the strong\nforce gets weaker in strength when energy gets higher. For example\nconsider two quarks that interact with each other via the strong force.\nWhen they have a very high kinetic energy they will be less tightly\nbound because of this high energy (strong interaction is weaker). This\nalso results in the fact that no single quark can be found in the\nvaccuumstate (lowest energy or groundstate). This phenomenon is called\nquark confinement. Quarks will always sit per two (meson) or per three\n(baryon, like the proton or neutron).\n\nQuarks were discovered (well, i mean they were "observed"\nexperimentally) by performing deep inelastic scattering experiments\nwith electrons onto protons. By studying the electromagnetic\ninteractions, scientist found out that some fraction of the proton\n(Feynmann called these fractions partons)was "knocked out" by the\nhigh-energy-incident electron. Thus suggesting that protons were\nconstituted out of something more fundamental. Another suggestion for\nthis was the fact that the neutron did exhibit a nuclear magnetic\nmoment that was NOT equal to 0 (so not neutral)...\n\nTheoretically quarks were implemented via group theory in the famous\nEightfold-way...Thus QCD was born, the field theory that describes the\nquark-interactions at best via 8 gauge bosons called gluons. Each quark\nhas a flavour (top-, bottom-, ...quarks) and each such flavour also has\na colour-quantum-number (Red,Green,Blue)...These quantumnumbers\n"decide" via conservation laws how quarks interact with each other...\n\nregards\nmarlon\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\nThis post submitted through the LaTeX-enabled physicsforums.com\nTo view this post with LaTeX images:\nhttp://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=55759#post395292\n\n</UL></PRE></font></td></tr></table></BODY><HTML>');"> <IMG SRC=/images/buttons/ip.gif BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER ALT="View this Usenet post in original ASCII form"> View this Usenet post in original ASCII form </a></div><P></jabberwocky>This years Physics Nobel Prize was awarded for the discovery of
asymptotic freedom of the strong force. This means that the strong
force gets weaker in strength when energy gets higher. For example
consider two quarks that interact with each other via the strong force.
When they have a very high kinetic energy they will be less tightly
bound because of this high energy (strong interaction is weaker). This
also results in the fact that no single quark can be found in the
vaccuumstate (lowest energy or groundstate). This phenomenon is called
quark confinement. Quarks will always sit per two (meson) or per three
(baryon, like the proton or neutron).
Quarks were discovered (well, i mean they were "observed"
experimentally) by performing deep inelastic scattering experiments
with electrons onto protons. By studying the electromagnetic
interactions, scientist found out that some fraction of the proton
(Feynmann called these fractions partons)was "knocked out" by the
high-energy-incident electron. Thus suggesting that protons were
constituted out of something more fundamental. Another suggestion for
this was the fact that the neutron did exhibit a nuclear magnetic
moment that was NOT equal to (so not neutral)...
Theoretically quarks were implemented via group theory in the famous
Eightfold-way...Thus QCD was born, the field theory that describes the
quark-interactions at best via 8 gauge bosons called gluons. Each quark
has a flavour (top-, bottom-, ...quarks) and each such flavour also has
a colour-quantum-number (Red,Green,Blue)...These quantumnumbers
"decide" via conservation laws how quarks interact with each other...
regards
marlon
------------------------------------------------------------------------
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<jabberwocky><div class="vbmenu_control"><a href="jabberwocky:;" onClick="newWindow=window.open('','usenetCode','toolbar=no, location=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,status=no ,width=650,height=400'); newWindow.document.write('<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Usenet ASCII</TITLE></HEAD><BODY topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 BGCOLOR=#F1F1F1><table border=0 width=625><td bgcolor=midnightblue><font color=#F1F1F1>This Usenet message\'s original ASCII form: </font></td></tr><tr><td width=449><br><br><font face=courier><UL><PRE>subjected people to\nless pressure than the European society did, but European society\nproved far more efficient than any primitive society and always won\nout in conflicts with such societies because of the advantages\nconferred by technology.\n\n26. (Paragraph 147) If you think that more effective law enforcement\nis unequivocally good because it suppresses crime, then remember that\ncrime as defined by the system is not necessarily what YOU would call\ncrime. Today, smoking marijuana is a "crime," and, in some places in\nthe U.S.., so is possession of ANY firearm, registered or not, may be\nmade a crime, and the same thing may happen with disapproved methods\nof child-rearing, such as spanking. In some countries, expression of\ndissident political opinions is a crime, and there is no certainty\nthat this will never happen in the U.S., since no constitution or\npolitical system lasts forever.\n\nIf a society needs a large, powerful law enforcement establishment,\nthen there is something gravely wrong with that society; it must be\nsubjecting people to severe pressures if so many refuse to follow the\nrules, or follow them only because forced. Many societies in the past\nhave gotten by with little or no formal law-enforcement.\n\n27. (Paragraph 151) To be sure, past societies have had means of\ninfluencing behavior, but these have been primitive and of low\neffectiveness compared with the technological means that are now being\ndeveloped.\n\n28. (Paragraph 152) However, some psychologists have publicly\nexpressed opinions indicating their contempt for human freedom. And\nthe mathematician Claude Shannon was quoted in Omni (August 1987) as\nsaying, "I visualize a time when we will be to robots what dogs are to\nhumans, and I\'m rooting for the machines."\n\n29. (Paragraph 154) This is no science fiction! After writing\nparagraph 154 we cam\n\n\n</UL></PRE></font></td></tr></table></BODY><HTML>');"> <IMG SRC=/images/buttons/ip.gif BORDER=0 ALIGN=CENTER ALT="View this Usenet post in original ASCII form"> View this Usenet post in original ASCII form </a></div><P></jabberwocky>subjected people to
less pressure than the European society did, but European society
proved far more efficient than any primitive society and always won
out in conflicts with such societies because of the advantages
conferred by technology.
26. (Paragraph 147) If you think that more effective law enforcement
is unequivocally good because it suppresses crime, then remember that
crime as defined by the system is not necessarily what YOU would call
crime. Today, smoking marijuana is a "crime," and, in some places in
the U.S.., so is possession of ANY firearm, registered or not, may be
made a crime, and the same thing may happen with disapproved methods
of child-rearing, such as spanking. In some countries, expression of
dissident political opinions is a crime, and there is no certainty
that this will never happen in the U.S., since no constitution or
political system lasts forever.
If a society needs a large, powerful law enforcement establishment,
then there is something gravely wrong with that society; it must be
subjecting people to severe pressures if so many refuse to follow the
rules, or follow them only because forced. Many societies in the past
have gotten by with little or no formal law-enforcement.
27. (Paragraph 151) To be sure, past societies have had means of
influencing behavior, but these have been primitive and of low
effectiveness compared with the technological means that are now being
developed.
28. (Paragraph 152) However, some psychologists have publicly
expressed opinions indicating their contempt for human freedom. And
the mathematician Claude Shannon was quoted in Omni (August 1987) as
saying, "I visualize a time when we will be to robots what dogs are to
humans, and I'm rooting for the machines."
29. (Paragraph 154) This is no science fiction! After writing
paragraph 154 we cam
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