Collecting different rules for Natural Deduction

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the various inference rules used in natural deduction, with participants sharing different sets of rules and exploring their implications. The scope includes theoretical aspects of logic and the historical context of these rules as used by notable figures in mathematics.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant lists a complete set of inference rules for natural deduction, including Modus Ponens, Modus Tollens, and others, and notes a variant set that replaces Absorption with Destructive Dilemma.
  • Another participant expresses a view that rules of inference are implicative tautologies in use.
  • There is a question about the notation used for "therefore," with participants discussing alternatives and their preferences.
  • A reference is made to Russell and Whitehead's claim that they used Modus Ponens as the sole rule of inference in "Principia Mathematica," with one participant expressing skepticism about this approach.
  • Discussion includes the use of the assertion sign '|-' to indicate deducibility in logical expressions.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the completeness or preference of different sets of inference rules, and multiple competing views regarding the use of rules and notation remain evident.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved questions about the notation for "therefore" and the implications of using different sets of inference rules, as well as the historical context of these rules as presented by Russell and Whitehead.

honestrosewater
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I'm only interested in the inference rules. I've read that people use different sets of rules, and I'm trying to find all of those different sets. Here's the ones I have so far (read "/" as a line break):
1. Modus Ponens (M.P.)
2. Modus Tollens (M.T.)
3. Hypothetical Syllogism (H.S.): p -> q / q -> r / ∴ p -> r.
4. Disjunctive Syllogism (D.S.): p V q / ~p / ∴ q.
5. Constructive Dilemma (C.D.): (p -> q) & (r -> s) / p V r / ∴ q V s.
6. Absorption (Abs.): p -> q / ∴ p -> (p & q).
7. Simplification (Simp.): p & q / ∴ p.
8. Conjunction (Conj.): p / q / ∴ p & q.
9. Addition (Add.): p / ∴ p V q.

(1-9) is a complete set. I've found a set differing from (1-9) only by replacing (6) with
6b. Destructive Dilemma (D.D.): (p -> q) & (r -> s) / ~q V ~s / ∴ ~p V ~r.
Does anyone know of any more?
 
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honestrosewater said:
I'm only interested in the inference rules. I've read that people use different sets of rules, and I'm trying to find all of those different sets. Here's the ones I have so far (read "/" as a line break):
1. Modus Ponens (M.P.)
2. Modus Tollens (M.T.)
3. Hypothetical Syllogism (H.S.): p -> q / q -> r / ∴ p -> r.
4. Disjunctive Syllogism (D.S.): p V q / ~p / ∴ q.
5. Constructive Dilemma (C.D.): (p -> q) & (r -> s) / p V r / ∴ q V s.
6. Absorption (Abs.): p -> q / ∴ p -> (p & q).
7. Simplification (Simp.): p & q / ∴ p.
8. Conjunction (Conj.): p / q / ∴ p & q.
9. Addition (Add.): p / ∴ p V q.

(1-9) is a complete set. I've found a set differing from (1-9) only by replacing (6) with
6b. Destructive Dilemma (D.D.): (p -> q) & (r -> s) / ~q V ~s / ∴ ~p V ~r.
Does anyone know of any more?

imo, rules of inference are implicative tautologies in use.

What does the square mean here?

Russell and Whitehead claim they used Modus Ponens as the only rule of inference in Principia Mathematica.
 
Owen Holden said:
What does the square mean here?
Sorry, it's supposed to be "therefore"- I guess I'll just use ".:". I'm trying to find a code that works for everyone. :frown:
Russell and Whitehead claim they used Modus Ponens as the only rule of inference in Principia Mathematica.
Well, that's great but a little too insane for my tastes. Have you seen PM? ;)
 
honestrosewater said:
Sorry, it's supposed to be "therefore"- I guess I'll just use ".:". I'm trying to find a code that works for everyone. :frown:
Well, that's great but a little too insane for my tastes. Have you seen PM? ;)

The assertion sign '|-' is often used to say that such and such is deducible,
e.g. |- (p & (p -> q)) -> q, or |-(p) & |-(p -> q) -> |-(q), etc.

Yes, I have a copy of the paperback PM.
 

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