Solve SAT Math & Listening Tests: 90% Confidence Interval

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating a 90% confidence interval for the mean SAT Math score of juniors in Orange County, where the sample mean is 500 and the standard deviation is 100. Participants are tasked with determining the power of the test against the alternative hypothesis at a 5% significance level, and strategies to increase this power. Additionally, the discussion includes a hypothesis test regarding the effect of nitrites on amino acid uptake and an analysis of pretest and posttest scores from a Spanish listening test, emphasizing the need for graphical checks for outliers and the formulation of null and alternative hypotheses.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of confidence intervals and hypothesis testing
  • Familiarity with statistical significance levels (e.g., 5% and 1%)
  • Knowledge of power analysis in statistics
  • Ability to perform graphical data analysis for outliers
NEXT STEPS
  • Learn how to calculate power for hypothesis tests using software like R or Python
  • Study the implications of sample size on the power of a test
  • Explore graphical methods for detecting outliers in datasets
  • Investigate the use of confidence intervals in reporting statistical results
USEFUL FOR

Statisticians, educators, and researchers involved in educational assessments, particularly those analyzing standardized test scores and the effects of interventions on learning outcomes.

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An SRS of 16 Orange County Schools' juniors had a mean SAT MATH of x = 500; and a Standard Deviation of s=100. We know that the population of SAT Math scores for juniors in the district is approximately normaly distributed. We wish to determine a 90% confidence interval for the mean SAT math score mu for the population of all juniors in the district.

Question: 1. For the SAT MATH Data above, find the power of the test against the alternative mu=500 at the 5percent significance level. Assume that Sigma=100.

2. You regard your calculated power to be too low. How could you change the problem to increase the power? Verify your answer.




-------------------

Nitrites are often added to meat products as preservatives. In a study of the effect of these chemicals on bacteria, the rate of uptake of a radio-labeled amino acide was measured for a number of cultures of bacteria, some growing in a medium to which nitrites had been added. Here are the summary statistics from this study.

Group n x s
--------------------------------
Nitrite 30 7880 1115
Control 30 8112 1250

Q: 1. Carry out a test of the research hypothesis that nitrites decrease amino acid uptake and report your results.

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The Table below gives the pretest and posttest scores on the MLA listening test in Spanish for 20 high school Spanish teachers who attended an intensive summer course in Spanish.

Subject PreTest Posttest
-------------------------------------
1 30 29
2 28 30
3 31 32
4 26 30
5 20 16
6 30 25
7 34 31
8 15 18
9 28 33
10 20 25
11 30 32
12 29 28
13 31 34
14 29 32
15 34 32
16 20 27
17 26 28
18 25 29
19 31 32
20 29 32

Q. 1. We hope to show that attending the institute improves listening skills. State an appropriate H(naught) and H(Alternative). Be sure to identify the parameters appearing in the hypothesis.

2. Make a graphical check for outliers or strong skewness in the data that you will use in your statistical test, and report your conclusions on the validity of the test. You can use the space to the right.

3. Carry out a test. Can you reject H(naught) at the 5% significance level? At 1%?

4. Give a 90% conf. interval for the mean increase in listening score due to attending the summer institute.
 
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