Antigen Rules in Human Immune System

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the rules governing antigens in the human immune system, highlighting their dynamic presence in the bloodstream and their recognition by T cells. Antigens must be encountered at least once for the body to produce specific antibodies, with Toll-like receptors identifying conserved patterns on pathogens to initiate immune responses. T cells identify malfunctioning cells by detecting abnormal protein expressions that deviate from the "self" pattern, leading to the destruction of these cells.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of human immune system components, particularly T cells and antigens.
  • Knowledge of Toll-like receptors and their role in immune response.
  • Familiarity with the concept of "self" versus "non-self" in immunology.
  • Basic understanding of pathogen entry routes and immune system activation.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.
  • Study the mechanisms of T cell activation and differentiation.
  • Explore the process of antibody production following antigen exposure.
  • Investigate the concept of immune tolerance and its implications for autoimmune diseases.
USEFUL FOR

Immunologists, medical students, and healthcare professionals interested in understanding the intricacies of the human immune response and antigen recognition mechanisms.

Craps
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Can you tell me what general rules does antigen have in human immune system ? I assume it is statically floating around in our blood till it is eaten by Tcells.
I also just learned it has a specific identity such that Tcells can recognize it, but what is that specific identity ?
Second, Tcells kill other Tcells when the latters malfunction, but how the formers know their relatives are mafunctioning ?
Thank-you :wink:
 
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It will depend on the location of entry of the antigen. If an antigen is ingested than immune system cells inside the intestinal track will react to it. The antigen move inside the blood usually when invading pathogen penetrated the mucosal layer of the skin.

As far as specificity goes, the body has to encounter the antigen at least one time in order to produce specific antibodies. However, some cells have receptor (Toll-like receptor) that recognized conserved protein or other compound patterns found on/in pathogens. These receptor are not specific but it will iniate an immune response.

T-cell can recognize "malfunctionning" cell based on the proteins expressed on the surface. In a nutshell, if the proteins do not match the "self" pattern than the cell is destroyed.
 
Something like that is always loved.:wink:, thanks
 

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