Proving System Decay Time: A Detailed Explanation

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on proving the decay time of a viscous-damped oscillator to 1/e of its original energy value, approximately 36.8%. The user references classical mechanics and differential equations, specifically citing the 4th edition of Marion Thornton and the 5th edition of Nagle, Saff, Snider. The key equation involved is m*x_dbldot + b*x_dot + k*x = 0, with energy related to displacement through E = ½k x^2. The conversation highlights the relationship between the energy envelope and displacement envelope, emphasizing the need to correctly interpret the decay function.

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  • Understanding of viscous-damped oscillators
  • Familiarity with differential equations
  • Knowledge of energy conservation in mechanical systems
  • Basic proficiency in mathematical notation and functions
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  • Study the derivation of the decay function for viscous-damped oscillators
  • Learn about the relationship between energy and displacement in oscillatory systems
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Students and professionals in physics, particularly those studying mechanical systems, oscillations, and energy decay processes. This discussion is beneficial for anyone seeking to understand the mathematical modeling of decay in oscillatory systems.

SteveDB
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hi all.
Some clarification on this would be helpful to get me going in the correct direction.
For a specified system, I'm trying to prove that the time it takes for the system to decay to 1/e of its original value (which works out to ~36.8%), takes a certain amount of time. The actual values are unimportant but the process is.
I have gone through my classical mech book-- 4th ed of Marion Thornton, as well as my diff/eq book-- 5th ed of Nagle, Saff, Snider, and of course my waves and oscillation text-- A.P.French, and cannot decipher what seems-- or I thought would be-- a fairly straightforward problem.
I'm not schooled/skilled in latex, so please bear with my "hand version."
I've taken the time derivative of the energy, and get a m/s^3 function for my acceleration value. With the values for b, k, and m, I do not get the time I'm looking to prove.
m*x_dbldot + b*x_dot + k*x = 0
Where x(t) = (A*exp(omega*t) +B*exp(-omega*t)
The rate given for decay to 1/e is:
E/delta_E
Where delta_E is given by -b*E/(m*nu)
where nu is given by omega_o/2pi.
I've also tried the quality value Q for this. I know I'm missing something, but can't quite identify it.
A detailed explanation of this would be deeply appreciated.

Thank you.
 
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I'm not clear what you want ...

You know that for this viscous-damped oscillator
the envelope function is exponential, and you
even have the right exponent!

You already have t in the envelope function.

OK, did you forget that the E envelope
and the x-envelope are related by E = ½k x^2 ?

for reasonably small values of "b", the solution is
x approx. A exp(-omega*t)*sin(w_o*t) ,
because the natural frequency isn't changed much.

You don't want exponential growth curve, do you?
(I mean, set your A=0 and rename B=Amplitude)
 
that's part of what I meant when I said that I'd taken the time derivative of the energy equation.
E= m/2 (x_dot)^2 + k/2 *x^2
Based on my energy of the system, I need to then proof that the time only takes a certain amount of time to decay to 1/e.
E(t)= E(0)/e
Sounds like I'm not the only one that's struggling with the decay function.
I don't know how to explain it any better. that's part of what's confusing me, and why I posted.
Thanks.
 

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