Thermodynamics Problem: Heat and Vapor Formation in a Piston-Cylinder Device

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on a thermodynamics problem involving a piston-cylinder device containing 10 kg of water at 85°C. The calculations reveal that 614.4 kJ of heat is required to initiate vapor formation at 100 kPa, and an additional 4.8 kJ is necessary to raise the piston by 0.2 meters. The process is illustrated on a T-v diagram, confirming that the final temperature reaches 133.52°C, consistent with saturation conditions. The atmospheric pressure is noted as 100 kPa, although a participant points out that the standard atmospheric pressure is 101.345 kPa, which may affect the results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of thermodynamic principles, specifically the first law of thermodynamics.
  • Familiarity with the properties of water and steam, including saturation temperature and specific volume.
  • Knowledge of piston-cylinder device mechanics and work-energy principles.
  • Ability to interpret T-v diagrams and perform calculations involving internal energy changes.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the effects of varying atmospheric pressure on thermodynamic calculations.
  • Learn about the properties of steam and water at different pressures using steam tables.
  • Explore advanced thermodynamic cycles involving piston-cylinder systems.
  • Investigate the implications of using different spring constants in piston systems.
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Students and professionals in mechanical engineering, particularly those specializing in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, as well as anyone involved in the design and analysis of piston-cylinder devices.

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A piston-cylinder device initially contains 10 kg. of water at a temperature of 85 C. The cylinder has a section area of 0.12 meter square and the piston has no mass. A linear spring (spring constant 120,000 N/m) is touching the piston as shown but exerts no force on it initially. Then heat is slowly added to the water in the cylinder, determine: (assume atmospheric pressure to be 100 kPa)

a) How much heat is needed to start to form vapor in the cylinder?

b) How much heat is needed to raise the piston 0.2 meter above its original position.

c) Show the process on a T-v diagram with respects to saturation lines.


For answer a I got 614.4 KJ from m ( u2-u1) the change in the internal energies multiplied by the mass using u2 at 100 kPa at the sat temp. and u1 from Tsat @ 85 C since it can be reasonably substituted for a compressed liquid.

For answer b I got 4.8 KJ

V1= 10kg* .001032 (Vf@85 C)
V2= .01032+.12*.2

One way i did it was find the specific volumes then finding the total volumes and drawing a P-V Diagram and looking at the area under the curve, then checking it by calculating the total work done.

300+100 * 1/2 * (.03432-.01032) =4.8kj

checking using work methods ( 1/2kx^2 + pressure*area*distance)
1/2 * 120 * .2^2 + 100*.2*.12=4.8kj

C) did a check of specific volumes to confirm that the final temp was indeed the saturation temperature. then drew the T-V diagram. 133.52 C is my final temp that i calculated.

vf@300kpa vg@300kpa
.001073<.0034232<.60582 --> is the saturated temperature


Could someone please confirm these results? :)

THANK YOU!
 
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yes you r right(to all i know)(to very sure but in he rite trak)...but 1atm is 101.345kpa...doesnt dat cause a significant variation in you ans?
 

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