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 P: 3,843 I take issue with the "Advanced Engineering Electromagnetics" 2nd edition by Balanis again. In Page 155 to 157, the book is trying to explain that an ellipse is really a super position of a RHC and a LHC circle with amplitude of RHC as $E_R$ and LHC as $E_L$ The book use the example for wave travel in +z direction: $$\phi_x=\frac{\pi}{2}\;\hbox { and}\;\phi_y=0 \;\hbox { to show Ex wave is leading Ey.}$$ $$E_{x0}=E_R+E_L\;\hbox{ and } E_{y0}=E_R-E_L$$ AND $$\vec E(0,t)=Re[\hat x (E_R+E_L)e^{j(\omega t+\frac{\pi}{2})}+\hat y (E_R-E_L) e^{j\omega t}]\;=\;Re[(E_R(\hat x j+\hat y)\;+\;E_L(\hat x j -\hat y))e^{j\omega t}]\;=\; -\hat x ( E_R+E_L) \sin \omega t +\hat y (E_R-E_L) \cos\omega t$$ This equation is independent to whether the wave is propagating in +ve or -ve z direction ( directional independent). The problem is $(\hat x j+\hat y)$ is RHC ONLY if travel in +z direction. It is LHC if travel in -z direction. So the whole notion of $E_R\;,\;E_L$ have absolutely no meaning!!! I have not seen so many inconsistency in one book!!! Balanis is a very well regarded author, I cannot imagine he can make so many mistakes.....Within 20 pages, Please advice. Thanks Alan