# What is Var(X) for my defined X?

by Pzi
Tags: defined, varx
 P: 26 This applies to natural numbers $n$ and $N$ where [itex]n
 Sci Advisor P: 5,938 It is a straightforward, but messy, calculation. Let X = ∑ ki. mean = E(X), var = E(X2) - (E(X))2 To compute E(X) all you need is E(ki) = N/2. To compute E(X2), some work is required. You need (a) E(kikj) for i ≠ j, and (b) E(ki2). For (a) I got N(N+1)/4 - (2N+1)/6, for (b) I got (N+1)(2N+1)/6. To get the final answers you need to multiply the mean by n. For the second moment {E(X2)}, there are n(n-1) (a) terms and n (b) terms. Good luck!
 Sci Advisor P: 5,938 In case you weren't able to work it out, I got the following: E(X) = n(N+1)/2 Var(X) = n(N+1)(N-n)/12 See if you get same.
P: 26

## What is Var(X) for my defined X?

 Quote by mathman In case you weren't able to work it out, I got the following: E(X) = n(N+1)/2 Var(X) = n(N+1)(N-n)/12 See if you get same.
I appreciate your dedication very much. Sorry for not getting back to this topic in a reasonable amount of time.

So for i≠j you apparently got E(kikj) = N(N+1)/4 - (2N+1)/6.
Meanwhile I got
$$E({k_i}{k_j}) = \frac{1}{{\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} N\\ 2 \end{array}} \right)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N - 1} {i \cdot \sum\limits_{j = i + 1}^N j } = \frac{2}{{N(N - 1)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N - 1} {i \cdot \frac{{(N + i + 1)(N - i)}}{2}} = \frac{{N(N + 1)}}{2} + \frac{{1 - 2N}}{6} + \frac{{N(1 - N)}}{4}$$

Is my logic flawed here? Also I checked the literature for answers and can confirm that your conclusion about mean and variation is correct.
P: 5,938
 Quote by Pzi I appreciate your dedication very much. Sorry for not getting back to this topic in a reasonable amount of time. So for i≠j you apparently got E(kikj) = N(N+1)/4 - (2N+1)/6. Meanwhile I got $$E({k_i}{k_j}) = \frac{1}{{\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} N\\ 2 \end{array}} \right)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N - 1} {i \cdot \sum\limits_{j = i + 1}^N j } = \frac{2}{{N(N - 1)}}\sum\limits_{i = 1}^{N - 1} {i \cdot \frac{{(N + i + 1)(N - i)}}{2}} = \frac{{N(N + 1)}}{2} + \frac{{1 - 2N}}{6} + \frac{{N(1 - N)}}{4}$$ Is my logic flawed here? Also I checked the literature for answers and can confirm that your conclusion about mean and variation is correct.
You made at least one arithmetic error. The summand in the second summation should be
i(N-i+1)(N-i)/2. I'll let you finish from there.

In any case I got E(X2) = n(n-1)(N+1)(3N+2)/12 + n(N+1)(2N+1)/6,
where the first term is the contribution of all products of different numbers and the second term is the contribution of all the squares.
P: 26
 Quote by mathman You made at least one arithmetic error. The summand in the second summation should be i(N-i+1)(N-i)/2. I'll let you finish from there.
Why do you say so?
(i+1)+(i+2)+(i+3)...+(N-2)+(N-1)+N = (N+i+1)(N-i)/2

 Quote by mathman In any case I got E(X2) = n(n-1)(N+1)(3N+2)/12 + n(N+1)(2N+1)/6, where the first term is the contribution of all products of different numbers and the second term is the contribution of all the squares.
Well the first term is E(kikj) added n(n-1) times isn't it? Hence E(kikj)=(N+1)(3N+2)/12 (for i≠j) which is not the same as previously stated by yourself E(kikj)=N(N+1)/4-(2N+1)/6.
Sorry if I missed something.

P.S. http://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i...i%3D1%2CN-1%29
it gives the same result as mine so I'm confused now, is it the wrong way to calculate E(kikj) ?
 Sci Advisor P: 5,938 Sorry - I sometimes get sloppy in my arithmetic (Jan. 11 - my error was in dividing by N(N+1) when I should have divided by (N-1)N), including my comment saying you had an error. However the calculation on Jan. 14 was done very carefully (where I divided by N(N-1)). This included the result I mentioned yesterday. I can't figure out why yours comes out differently. My calculation - E(XiXj) = {(∑i)2 - ∑i2}/N(N-1), where the sums are i = (1,N).
 Sci Advisor P: 5,938 One quick check, for N = 2, the product of different x's ≡ 2, so the expectation is obviously 2. In any case, your result is the same as mine.
 P: 26 Thanks for all the help. To sum things up I'd just like to say that I almost got it right after your first post. Unfortunately I made a very silly mistake at the very end. Which in turn led to a whole phase of contemplation and doubts. I attach that almost-correct handwritten solution just for fun. Differences in notation: E(X)=M(X), Var(X)=D(X), X=W. Attached Thumbnails

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