Leukaemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is characterized by the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, which crowd out healthy blood cells in the bone marrow.
In most cases of leukaemia, white blood cells increase and outnumber red blood cells and platelets. However, in some rare types of leukaemia, white blood cells may decrease.
The increase in white blood cells in leukaemia is caused by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. These cells do not function properly and do not die like normal cells, leading to an accumulation of white blood cells.
The symptoms of leukaemia can vary depending on the type and stage of the disease. Some common symptoms include fatigue, bruising or bleeding easily, frequent infections, weight loss, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Leukaemia is typically diagnosed through a combination of blood tests, bone marrow biopsy, and imaging tests. These tests can help determine the type and stage of the disease, as well as guide treatment options.