Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy that comes from the heat within the Earth's crust. It is harnessed by drilling deep into the Earth's surface to access hot water or steam, which can then be used to generate electricity or heat buildings.
Unlike wind and solar energy, which rely on external factors such as wind or sunlight, geothermal energy is available 24/7 and is not affected by weather conditions. It is also a more reliable source of energy as it does not fluctuate like wind and solar energy.
An aquifer is a layer of permeable rock or sediment that holds and transmits groundwater. In the context of geothermal energy, aquifers are used to store and distribute hot water or steam for energy production. They act as natural reservoirs for the geothermal heat and can be replenished through natural processes.
Geothermal energy is considered a clean and sustainable source of energy, with minimal environmental impacts. However, the drilling process can potentially release small amounts of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. Additionally, the disposal of geothermal fluids and fluids used for drilling must be managed properly to prevent contamination of groundwater.
Geothermal energy is currently being used in over 80 countries around the world, with the majority of production occurring in the United States, Philippines, and Indonesia. It is primarily used for electricity generation, but can also be used for heating and cooling buildings, agricultural processes, and other industrial applications.
