Einstein Summation Convention, Levi-Civita, and Kronecker delta

In summary, Homework Statement Evaluate the following sums, implied according to the Einstein Summation Convention.
  • #1
tony873004
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Homework Statement


Evaluate the following sums, implied according to the Einstein Summation Convention.
[tex]\begin{array}{l}
\delta _{ii} = \\
\varepsilon _{12j} \delta _{j3} = \\
\varepsilon _{12k} \delta _{1k} = \\
\varepsilon _{1jj} = \\
\end{array}[/tex]

The Attempt at a Solution


[tex]
\begin{array}{l}
\delta _{ii} = \delta _{11} + \delta _{12} + \delta _{13} + \delta _{21} + \delta _{22} + \delta _{23} + \delta _{31} + \delta _{32} + \delta _{33} = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 =3 \\
\varepsilon _{12j} \delta _{j3} = \left( {\varepsilon _{121} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{123} } \right)\left( {\delta _{13} + \delta _{23} + \delta _{33} } \right) = \left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right)\left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right) = \left( 1 \right)\left( 1 \right) = 1 \\
\varepsilon _{12k} \delta _{1k} = \left( {\varepsilon _{121} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{123} } \right)\left( {\delta _{11} + \delta _{12} + \delta _{13} } \right) = \left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right)\left( {1 + 0 + 0} \right) = \left( 1 \right)\left( 1 \right) = 1 \\
\varepsilon _{1jj} = \left( {\varepsilon _{111} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{133} } \right) = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0\\
\end{array}
[/tex]

Am I doing these right? Thanks!
 
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  • #2
tony873004 said:
[tex]
\delta _{ii} = \delta _{11} + \delta _{12} + \delta _{13} + \delta _{21} + \delta _{22} + \delta _{23} + \delta _{31} + \delta _{32} + \delta _{33} = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 =3 [/tex]

Your final result is correct, but [itex]\delta_{ii}=\delta_{11}+\delta_{22}+\delta_{33}[/itex]

[tex] \varepsilon _{12j} \delta _{j3} = \left( {\varepsilon _{121} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{123} } \right)\left( {\delta _{13} + \delta _{23} + \delta _{33} } \right) = \left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right)\left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right) = \left( 1 \right)\left( 1 \right) = 1[/tex]

Not quite, [itex]\varepsilon _{12j} \delta _{j3} =\varepsilon _{121} \delta _{13}+\varepsilon _{122} \delta _{23}+\varepsilon _{123} \delta _{33}[/itex]

[tex] \varepsilon _{12k} \delta _{1k} = \left( {\varepsilon _{121} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{123} } \right)\left( {\delta _{11} + \delta _{12} + \delta _{13} } \right) = \left( {0 + 0 + 1} \right)\left( {1 + 0 + 0} \right) = \left( 1 \right)\left( 1 \right) = 1[/tex]

Same problem with this one.

\varepsilon _{1jj} = \left( {\varepsilon _{111} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{133} } \right) = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0[/tex]

Good.
 
  • #3
Thank you very much!
 
  • #4
[itex]\epsilon_{12j} \delta_{j1}=\epsilon_{121}=0[/itex] by defn.
 
  • #5
latentcorpse said:
[itex]\epsilon_{12j} \delta_{j1}=\epsilon_{121}=0[/itex] by defn.
I'm not sure if I get this then. Am I supposed to be multiplying the epsilon and delta results together? Or is the answer gabbagabbahey gave for #2 the final answer. By multiplying, I get 1 for your example. Here's my latest attempt at the original questions:
Thanks, gabbagabbahey and latentcorpse!
[tex]
\begin{array}{l}
\delta _{ii} = \delta _{11} + \delta _{22} + \delta _{33} = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3 \\
\varepsilon _{12j} \delta _{j3} = \varepsilon _{121} \delta _{13} + \varepsilon _{122} \delta _{23} + \varepsilon _{123} \delta _{33} = 0\left( 0 \right) + 0\left( 0 \right) + 1\left( 1 \right) = 1 \\
\varepsilon _{12k} \delta _{1k} = \varepsilon _{121} \delta _{11} + \varepsilon _{122} \delta _{12} + \varepsilon _{123} \delta _{13} = 0\left( 1 \right) + 0\left( 0 \right) + 1\left( 0 \right) = 0 \\
\varepsilon _{1jj} = \left( {\varepsilon _{111} + \varepsilon _{122} + \varepsilon _{133} } \right) = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 \\
\end{array}
[/tex]
 
  • #6
For some reason (perhaps just as an example?), latentcorpse calculated [itex]\varepsilon_{12j} \delta_{j1}[/itex] instead of [itex]\varepsilon_{12j} \delta_{j3}[/itex]

And your latest attempt looks good to me!:approve:
 

1. What is the Einstein Summation Convention?

The Einstein Summation Convention is a mathematical convention used to simplify the notation of equations involving summation. It states that when there are repeated indices in an expression, they are implicitly summed over all possible values. This allows for shorter and more concise equations.

2. What is the Levi-Civita symbol?

The Levi-Civita symbol, also known as the Levi-Civita tensor, is a mathematical object used in multilinear algebra and vector calculus. It is a way of encoding the orientation of a coordinate system in a multi-dimensional space. It is defined as a set of values that are equal to +1, -1, or 0, depending on the permutation of indices.

3. What is the Kronecker delta?

The Kronecker delta, also known as the Kronecker symbol, is a mathematical object used to represent the identity matrix in linear algebra. It is defined as a set of values that are equal to 1 when the two indices are the same, and 0 otherwise. It is used in conjunction with the Einstein Summation Convention to simplify equations.

4. How are the Einstein Summation Convention, Levi-Civita symbol, and Kronecker delta related?

The Einstein Summation Convention, Levi-Civita symbol, and Kronecker delta are all mathematical concepts used in different areas of mathematics, but they are often used together in equations. The Levi-Civita symbol and Kronecker delta are used to simplify equations involving the Einstein Summation Convention, making it easier to write and understand complex mathematical expressions.

5. Where are these concepts commonly used?

The Einstein Summation Convention, Levi-Civita symbol, and Kronecker delta are commonly used in fields such as physics, engineering, and mathematics. They are particularly useful in vector calculus, tensor analysis, and the study of differential equations. These concepts are also used in the development of many scientific models and theories, including Einstein's theory of general relativity.

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