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murrayE
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I innocently gave my students a problem: Which differentiable functions [tex] f: R \rightarrow R[/tex] are bijective? "Innocently", I say, because I'm finding it hard to come up with any simple set of conditions that are both necessary and sufficient. Here's what I can say so far:
(1) If [tex]f'(x) \neq 0[/tex] for all real x, then f is injective. (Easy)
(2) If f'(x) > 0 for all x and lim f(x) = +[tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] +[tex]\infty[/tex] and lim f(x) =- [tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] -[tex]\infty[/tex], or if f'(x) < 0 for all x and lim f(x) =- [tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] +[tex]\infty[/tex] and lim f(x) = [tex]+\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] -[tex]\infty[/tex], then f is bijective.
(3) There are many bijective differentiable functions [tex] f: R \rightarrow R[/tex] that are bijective but for which f'(x) = 0 at one or more x. For example, [tex]f(x) = x^3[/tex]
Any ideas on a clean necessary & sufficient set of conditions?
(1) If [tex]f'(x) \neq 0[/tex] for all real x, then f is injective. (Easy)
(2) If f'(x) > 0 for all x and lim f(x) = +[tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] +[tex]\infty[/tex] and lim f(x) =- [tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] -[tex]\infty[/tex], or if f'(x) < 0 for all x and lim f(x) =- [tex]\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] +[tex]\infty[/tex] and lim f(x) = [tex]+\infty[/tex] as x [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] -[tex]\infty[/tex], then f is bijective.
(3) There are many bijective differentiable functions [tex] f: R \rightarrow R[/tex] that are bijective but for which f'(x) = 0 at one or more x. For example, [tex]f(x) = x^3[/tex]
Any ideas on a clean necessary & sufficient set of conditions?