Finding Functional Group Names for Orgo II Exam Prep

[vincikai]

I need to study all of these names for my orgo II exam next week.
Can someone help me to find the general trend or functional group name for the following attached compounds? I have tried some of them let me know if I made any mistake on these two sheets.


ie. #1 gem-diol (hydrate)
#5 vicinal diol
….and so on

 

[chemisttree]

Geminal diols are two (di-) hydroxyls on the same carbon. Vicinal diols are two hydroxyls on adjacent carbons. Triols have three hydroxyls on different carbons. After that the system is described using numbers as in 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propane diol and so forth. For larger systems that have many functional groups or a common name, the hydroxyls may not be referred to as diol or triol. In those cases, such as 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, the common name is used and the substitution is described in terms such as dihydroxy or trihydroxy and so forth. If many hydroxyls are present, as in polyvinyl alcohol, common names are generally used rather than IUPAC nomenclature. An example pentaerythritol. You cannot deduce the number of hydroxyls unless you are familiar with the compound as C(CH2OH)4.

 

[Blueshift5]

I would recommend using a systematic approach to identify functional group names for organic compounds. This can be done by first identifying the functional groups present in each compound, and then using naming conventions to determine their names.

For example, in #1, the compound is a gem-diol or a hydrate, which means it contains two hydroxyl (-OH) groups attached to the same carbon atom. In #5, the compound is a vicinal diol, which means it contains two hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

To find the general trend, you can look for similarities in the functional groups present in each compound. For instance, if multiple compounds contain a carbonyl group (-C=O), you can group them together and study the naming conventions for carbonyl compounds.

It is important to note that functional group names may vary depending on the compound's structure and the presence of other functional groups. Therefore, it is essential to carefully analyze each compound and its functional groups to accurately determine their names.

I would also recommend using reliable sources, such as textbooks or online resources, to verify the names you have identified and to learn about any exceptions or special cases.

In summary, to study functional group names for your orgo II exam, I suggest using a systematic approach, identifying functional groups, and using naming conventions to determine their names. Additionally, make sure to verify your findings using reliable sources. Good luck on your exam!