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Lisa!
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How do brids find their directions during migration? Do they have any natural compass in their brain?
Birds use a variety of navigation cues to determine their migration route, including the position of the sun and stars, magnetic fields, landmarks, and even smells and sounds. Some species also have a genetic instinct to follow a specific migration path.
Many birds have the ability to sense the Earth's magnetic field and use it as a navigational tool. They have specialized cells in their eyes and beaks that can detect the magnetic field and help them orient themselves during nighttime migration.
While some birds do use the same migration route every year, others may alter their route depending on factors such as weather conditions, food availability, and habitat changes. Some birds may even switch between different migration paths in different years.
Birds rely on environmental cues such as changes in day length, temperature, and food availability to time their migration. They also have an internal biological clock that helps them know when it is time to start and stop their journey.
Scientists use a variety of methods to study bird migration, including tagging and tracking individual birds, using weather radar to detect large groups of migrating birds, and analyzing data from citizen science programs where people report bird sightings. They also use satellite imagery and geolocators to track bird movements over long distances.