To become an astronomer or mathematician, you will typically need to have a minimum of a bachelor's degree in astronomy, mathematics, or a related field. Many professionals in these fields also have advanced degrees such as a master's or Ph.D.
To be successful in these fields, you will need a strong foundation in math, problem-solving, critical thinking, and analytical skills. Other important skills include attention to detail, the ability to work independently and in a team, and written and oral communication skills.
As an astronomer, you may work as a researcher, professor, or data analyst in academia, government agencies, or private organizations. As a mathematician, you may work as a data scientist, statistician, or actuary in fields such as finance, technology, or healthcare.
In astronomy, important topics to study include celestial mechanics, astrophysics, cosmology, and observational techniques. In mathematics, important topics include calculus, statistics, linear algebra, and discrete mathematics.
My advice would be to develop a strong foundation in math and science, seek out internships or research opportunities to gain hands-on experience, and network with professionals in the field. It's also important to stay curious, keep up with advancements in the field, and be willing to learn and adapt in a constantly evolving field.