Pre-flood firmament was in orbit

[kjvonly]

Greetings,

I would like to present some calculations which show that the Bible's 'pre-flood' firmament, which I believe was a 13 to 50ft layer of water, could have orbited 1720 miles above the earth.

I would also like to ask for your constructive criticism --- for your review.

Critics of the flood ask 'where did all the rainwater come from?'. They ridicule CRI's 'vapor canopy theory', and for good reason --- in order for the air to hold 40 days worth of rain, you would need a cloud 80 miles tall and this would have blocked out the light. Further, if the firmament were a cloud, then the situation would be no different than today. But we know it is different because now we have rainbows. There are good indications in the bible, that it did not would rain before the flood.

If the firmament was just vapor, the situation would be similar to what it is today, and it would rain. The reason has to do with temperature. Today, air near the Earth's surface gets heated from the sun, it expands taking with it evaporated water, it rises, where it hits cold air, which condenses out the vapor as rain. If, however, the firmament was a warm layer of water above the earth, warm air would sink, and the vapor would condense on the Earth as dew.

A 13ft thick layer of liquid water is a 'minimum' amount for the firmament's thickness, because if it rains only 4 inches per day (1/6 inch per hour - a lite drizzle) for 40 days/nites, you get:
4"/day * 40 day * 1ft/12inch = ~13ft

I am told, that the Hebrew word used for the Noah's flood 'deluge' indicated a heavy rain; so it's likely that it rained more than 4 inches per day.

50ft thick is like a maximum thickness because using Lambert's law, 60% of the
Green light (along with the rest of the visible light wavelengths)
will pass though 50ft of water (See calculations in Appendix 2). Now,
as Green light passes through the water into the air/space towards the
earth, it is refracted and it's wavelength changes, so it becomes red.

16"/day * 40 day * 1ft/12inch = ~52ft

There are satellites in a LEO (Low Earth Orbit), but these are
relatively close to the Earth (400 to 1200 miles above it). They are
low in order to get a clearer view of the earth; however, they don't last
long because atmospheric drag slows them down. 1720 miles would
be out of reach of the present day atmosphere. It is possible that
before the flood, the atmosphere extended right up to the water layer.

We want to find out how high the firmament was orbitting in the sky:

Rf = radius from the Earth's surface to the firmament

Now, there are 4 forces which affect the firmament's orbit around
earth.
1. Fge - Earth's gravity
2. Fgs - sun's gravity
3. Fae - acceleration around the earth
4. Fas - acceleration around the sun

Fge + Fas = Fgs + Fae --- equation 1

The standard physics textbook 'Geostationary satellite orbit' simply
equates:
Fge = Fae

So, substituting this into equation 1, we get:

Fge + Fas = Fgs + Fge

and we are left with:

Fas = Fgs

When this is done, the orbit is like 20,000 to 35,000 miles in space
--- depending on the speed (and thus the period). However, what if,
the Firmament's orbit was designed so that the Earth's gravity was way
larger than the firmament's acceleration around the earth? -- that is:

Fge >> Fae

Well, consider equation 1:

Fge + Fas = Fgs + Fae

rewritting it:

Fge - Fae = Fgs - Fas

Since, Fge >> Fae, this reduces to:

-------------------------------
Fge = Fgs - Fas --- equation 2
-------------------------------

So, let's find Fgs and Fas:

----------------
Some statistics:
----------------

Te = period of the Earth's rotation = 24 hrs * 60 minutes/hr * 60
seconds/minute = 86,400 seconds
Tf = period of the firmament's rotation around the Earth = Te (this is
an assumption, however, even if Tf is shorter or longer, Rf is not
affected that much)
Ts = period of sun = 365 days * 24hrs/day * 60 minutes/hr * 60
seconds/minute = 3.15 * 10^7 seconds
G = Universal Gravitational constant = 6.67259 x 10 ^-11 Newtons* meter^2/Kg^2
Me = Mass of Earth = 5.98 x 10^24 Kg
Ms = Mass of the sun = 2.0 x 10^30
Rs = Distance from the Earth (and firmament) to the sun = 1.6 X 10^9 m
Re = The Radius of the Earth = 3960 miles

----------------
Some Formula's:
----------------

1. Newton's law for Fgs and Fge
Fgs = G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2
Fge = G*Mf*Me/Rf^2

2. info from websites for Fas,
Fas = Mf * Rs * (2 * pi / Ts)^2

-----------------
Solve for Rf
using equation 2 from above
-----------------

Assume for now (we'll go back and prove it later), that: Fgs >> Fas

Fge = Fgs - Fas --- equation 2

G*Mf*Me/Rf^2 = G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2 - Mf * Rs * (2 * pi / Ts)^2

G*Me/Rf^2 = 6.67259 x 10^-11 * 2.0 x 10^30 /(1.6 X 10^9)^2- 1.6 X 10^9 * (2 * pi / 3.15 *

10^7)^2

MF* G*Me/Rf^2 = Mf*52 - Mf*0.0000635

Notice, that Mf*52 >> Mf*0.0000635
Notice, that Mf*52 is really Fgs, and Mf*0.0000635 is really Fas

So Fgs >> Fas, equation 2 can thus be reduced from:
Fge = Fgs - Fas
to:
Fge = Fgs

and substituting in Fge and Fgs, we get:

G*Mf*Me/Rf^2 = G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2

the G & 'Mf' cancel out, and we get:

Me/Rf^2 = Ms/Rs^2

Rf = sqrt[Me*Rs^2/Ms]

Rf = sqrt[5.98 x 10^24*(1.6 X 10^9)^2/2.0 x 10^30]
Rf = sqrt[7.68 X 10^12] = 2.765x 10^6 meters

Rf = 1720 miles

-----------------------
Solve for Mf, Fas, Fgs, and Fge
-----------------------

Now, Appendix 1 uses this value of Rf, and solves for Mf

Mf = 4.14 x 10^16 (see appendix 1)

Fas = Mf * Rs * (2 * pi / Ts)^2
Fas = 4.14 x 10^16 * 1.6 X 10^9 * (2 * pi / 3.15 * 10^7)^2
Fas = 2.63E+12

Notice: Fas/Mf = 2.63E+12/4.14 x 10^16 = 0.635 x 10^-4

Fgs = G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2
Fgs = 6.67259 x 10^-11 * 4.14 x 10^16 * 2.0 x 10^30 /(1.6 X 10^9)^2
Fgs = 2.16E+18

Notice: Fgs/Mf = 2.16E+18/4.14 x 10^16 = 52

Fge = G*Mf*Me/Rf^2
Fge = 6.67259 x 10^-11 * 4.14 x 10^16 * 5.98 x 10^24/(2.765 x 10^6)^2
Fge = 2.16E+18


Notice, that Fgs >> Fas

Double check this --- recall:
G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2 = 2.16E+18 --- equation 3

Rf = sqrt [G*Mf*Me/2.16E+18]
Rf = sqrt [6.67259 x 10^-11 * 4.14 x 10^16 * 5.98 x 10^24/2.16E+18]
Rf = sqrt [76.48 * 10^11] = 2.765E+6 meters = 1720 miles



Toby

Appendix 1 - finding the Mass of the firmament.

Assuming that the firmament was 1720 miles (2.769 x 10^6 meters) from
the Earth's surface, and that it was 50 foot thick (15meter), let's
figure out what the mass of the firmament would be.

Rf+15 = radius from surface of the Earth to outside part of firmament.

We want to take the bigger sphere (of radius Rf + 15) and subtract the
smaller sphere (of radius Rf)

sphere volume = 4/3 * PI * Radius^3

Mf = mass of firmament
Mf = [4/3 * PI * (Rf+15)^3 - 4/3 * PI * Rf^3] cuft * 64lb/cuft *0.45kg/lb
Mf = 120 * [(Rf+15)^3 -Rf^3 ]

Notice, the following Term:
(Rf+15)^3

Using Binomial Expansion, we get:
(Rf+15)^3
= Rf^3 + 3Rf^2*15 + 3*Rf*15^2 + 15^3
= Rf^3 + 45*Rf^2 + 675Rf + 3375

Now substitute this back into the equation:

Mf = 120 * [Rf^3 + 45*Rf^2 + 675Rf+ 3375 - Rf^3 ]
Mf = 120 * [45*Rf^2 + 675Rf+ 3375 ]

Recall, Rf = 2.769 x 10^6 meters

Mf = 120 * [45* (2.769 x 10^6)^2 + 675*(2.769 x 10^6) + 3375 ]

Mf = 4.14 x 10^16 kg//

 

[enigma]

According to the Bible, there was a whole lot more rain than just 13 feet. Consider that everything was covered, including the mountains.

If all of that water did fall, where did it go?

If all of that water was in orbit (and water dissociates in orbit) how did it slow down enough to fall? Were talking delta-V's on the order of km/sec.

If you're going to resort to magic and superstition to explain your universe, kjvonly, keep the science out of it. There is so much evidence that the Bible's account of creation is false that creationist scientists (there wasn't anything else back then) who went out looking for proof in the mid 1800s discounted it as false. You have been lied to.

 

[Nereid]

Welcome to Physics Forums kjvonly!

That's an amusing little set of calculations you posted, so I'm going to ask you to do some more, based on your assumptions:
1) what tidal effects would there be in the 15m water shell?
2) other than at the equator, write some equations giving the motion of the water, with specific reference to circular orbits
3) compare the mass of water in your hypothetical shell with the mass of water in the Earth's oceans, and that locked up in ice in Antartica and Greenland
4) how long after local sunset would a sphere '1720 miles above the Earth' remain sunlit? what would such a sphere look like to those on the ground, say 30 minutes after sunset on 21 March?
5) how would light from the Sun, Moon, and stars be altered by passage through a 15 m layer of water?
6) what would be the effect of a meteor hitting this water sphere?
7) by how much would this hypothetical sphere reduce the ground incidence of cosmic rays?
8) how would this sphere interact with the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind? Specifically, how could aurora form?

 

[tony873004]

G*Mf*Me/Rf^2 = G*Mf*Ms/Rs^2

The R in this formula means Radius, or distance from Earth's center. So wouldn't the 1720 miles that you come up with using this formula mean 1720 miles from Earth's center, which is well below the surface, rather than 1720 miles of altitude?

If this water orbited as a miniature moon, it should have been clearly visible from the Earth as a bright satellite, and there should be pleanty of historical references to this moon. But it couldn't survive there anyway since 1720 miles is well within the Roche limit.

1/6 inch of rain per hour is more than a lite drizzle. We get flooding around here when rainfall exceeds 2 inches per day.

 

[mathman]

There is, according to some scientists, a basis for the flood theory. Specifically, before around 5500 bc (I am not sure I got the date right), the Black Sea was a small fresh water lake, with the surface below ocean level. The Bosporus was closed. At about this time, the Bosporus opened up and water from the Mediterranean rushed in flooding settlements around the lake shore. Some people miraculously escaped, and the accounts, orally transmitted for several thousand years, ended up in various flood stories.

 

[veryyoung]

the great flood was not so great. we now assume that the story of the great flood was derived from a story about a merchant stuck in the middle of the mediterranean sea with the animals he was to sell at market the next day. however the sea flooded a little and the merchant lost his bearings and so was lost at sea for forty days and forty nights. rhe writers of the bible saw the morales in this story and changed it to fit a more godly version including the impossible flooding of the entire earth.

 

[kjvonly]

According to the Bible, there was a whole lot more rain than just 13 feet. Consider that everything was covered, including the mountains.

If all of that water did fall, where did it go?

If all of that water was in orbit (and water dissociates in orbit) how did it slow down enough to fall? Were talking delta-V's on the order of km/sec.

If you're going to resort to magic and superstition to explain your universe, kjvonly, keep the science out of it. There is so much evidence that the Bible's account of creation is false that creationist scientists (there wasn't anything else back then) who went out looking for proof in the mid 1800s discounted it as false. You have been lied to.

Greetings enigma,

Your are a mean person.

The reason for my posting was to get constructive criticism. You did not address whether or not my calcuations were theoretically correct.

The flood waters did not just come from rain. They also came from 'the fountains of the deep'.

There is much archeological evidence, that mountains did not exist prior to the flood. For example, there is an archeological dig, in a mountain in Peru, of a pre-flood city which was actually a shipping port... The only reasonable explanation, is that the city, at one time had been much lower in elevation, but became much higher when the mountain was formed.

I have read, that if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep.

This shows, that there theoretically there was enough water to cover the whole earth.

Toby

 

[kjvonly]

Welcome to Physics Forums kjvonly!

Thank you.

That's an amusing little set of calculations you posted, so I'm going to ask you to do some more, based on your assumptions:
?

I don't think I am able to answer all your questions. However, I will try to answer some of them ---if--- you honor me with first discussing whether or not my calculations were theoretically correct and if not, where is my mistake(s)?

Toby

Rest of quote:

1) what tidal effects would there be in the 15m water shell?
2) other than at the equator, write some equations giving the motion of the water, with specific reference to circular orbits
3) compare the mass of water in your hypothetical shell with the mass of water in the Earth's oceans, and that locked up in ice in Antartica and Greenland
4) how long after local sunset would a sphere '1720 miles above the Earth' remain sunlit? what would such a sphere look like to those on the ground, say 30 minutes after sunset on 21 March?
5) how would light from the Sun, Moon, and stars be altered by passage through a 15 m layer of water?
6) what would be the effect of a meteor hitting this water sphere?
7) by how much would this hypothetical sphere reduce the ground incidence of cosmic rays?
8) how would this sphere interact with the Earth's magnetic field and the solar wind? Specifically, how could aurora form?

 

[kjvonly]

The R in this formula means Radius, or distance from Earth's center. So wouldn't the 1720 miles that you come up with using this formula mean 1720 miles from Earth's center, which is well below the surface, rather than 1720 miles of altitude?

If this water orbited as a miniature moon, it should have been clearly visible from the Earth as a bright satellite, and there should be pleanty of historical references to this moon. But it couldn't survive there anyway since 1720 miles is well within the Roche limit.

1/6 inch of rain per hour is more than a lite drizzle. We get flooding around here when rainfall exceeds 2 inches per day.

Thanks for the constructive criticism.

I agree with you, that I should have used a radius 'R' which should have included the Earth's radius. That is:

Fge = G*Mf*Me/Rf^2

should have been:

Fge = G*Mf*Me/(Rf-Re)^2

where:
Re is the Earth's radius = 3960 miles = 6.37 * 10^6

Hence,

Rf - Re = 1720miles
Rf = 1720 + Re = 5680miles

However, it is customary to specify the 'orbit' as the distance above the Earth's surface (i.e. 1720 miles)... for instance, I have an article which speaks of a LEO (Low Earth Orbit) satellite as being 500 miles above the earth, not 4460 miles from the center of the earth.

In studying this topic, the articles, I looked at, were looking at orbits whose radius was way larger than the radius of the body they orbit around, hence, the radius of the body was negligible and the body was considered 'a point'. For instance, the moon is 400,000 miles from the earth, while the Earth's radius is a pittance of 4000 miles. Geostationary satellites are roughly 25,000 miles in orbit which is 6 times that of the Earth's radius.

However, when looking at the firmament orbitting 1720 miles above the Earth (of radius 4000), it cannot be said that 1720 >> 4000

Hence, the Earth cannot be treated as a 'point'.

I do agree that my use of Rf in the appendix (for calculating the mass of the water in the firmament) was wrong. In calculating the mass of the firmament, Mf, I should have used 1720 + Re = 5680miles = 9.14 * 10^6

But keep in mind, the '1720 miles' was calculated independent of Mf.

Let's try it:

I had written: Rf = 2.769 x 10^6 meters

I should have used:

Rf = 9.14 * 10^6

Mf = 120 * [45*Rf^2 + 675Rf+ 3375 ]

Mf = 120 * [45* (9.14 x 10^6)^2 + 675*(9.14 x 10^6) + 3375 ]

Mf = 45.1 x 10^16 kg

It was: Mf = 4.14 x 10^16 kg

BTW, this mass calculation was done for a firmament 15m thick --- which is 50ft thick, not 13ft thick. Also, it is at an orbit of 1720 miles above the surface of the earth. 50ft thick at 1720 miles would translate to something much thicker if all this mass were to be located on the surface of the earth, namely 100 ft thick as follows:

45.1 x 10^16 = ~120 * [3*T*Re^2]

45.1 x 10^16 = 120 * [3*T*(6.37 * 10^6)^2]
T = 30meters = 100 ft

 

[Nereid]

Greetings enigma,

Your are a mean person.

The reason for my posting was to get constructive criticism. You did not address whether or not my calcuations were theoretically correct.

The flood waters did not just come from rain. They also came from 'the fountains of the deep'.

There is much archeological evidence, that mountains did not exist prior to the flood.

Really? How about geological evidence? Or evidence from trees (e.g. those which are known to be >10,000 years old, and show no evidence of a 'flood', and which couldn't possibly grow except at their present altitudes)? Or archaelogical sites which show evidence of continuous human habitation?

For example, there is an archeological dig, in a mountain in Peru, of a pre-flood city which was actually a shipping port... The only reasonable explanation, is that the city, at one time had been much lower in elevation, but became much higher when the mountain was formed.

And which site is that?

I have read, that if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep.

Source please!

 

[Nereid]

I don't think I am able to answer all your questions. However, I will try to answer some of them ---if--- you honor me with first discussing whether or not my calculations were theoretically correct and if not, where is my mistake(s)?

enigma already pointed out a serious flaw in your calculations - if the water was 'in orbit' at ~>1500 miles above the surface of the Earth, how did it lose its delta v? To take his question one step further, if that mass of water moving at orbital speeds (wrt the surface of the Earth) 'fell' to Earth, and the kinetic energy were converted to heat (where else would it go?), don't you think it would sterilize all living things on the surface of the Earth?

I also hinted at a far more serious flaw - "other than at the equator, write some equations giving the motion of the water, with specific reference to circular orbits". From your first post

Tf = period of the firmament's rotation around the earth

so you clearly assume that all this water is in orbit and rotating about an axis (which?). Now all orbits around the Earth must have the Earth's centre as a focus - so any orbit other than at the equator will be at an angle to the equator, which means that a blob of water will pass through the equatorial band of water twice every orbit ... if you know of a set of orbits for a liquid hollow sphere that are stable (around the Earth), do let us know ... otherwise your idea contains a fatal flaw (if you don't understand this, please read a book on elementary celestial mechanics and then come back and we can have a proper discussion).

 

[mapper]

If all of that water did fall, where did it go?

Back then the world was flat so all the water simply fell off the sides silly. :)

 

[enigma]

Greetings enigma,

Your are a mean person.

My is a "mean" person? Why? For telling the truth? You want me to get really "mean" and start pointing out mistakes?

Creationism was discounted as a viable scientific solution over 150 years ago. That's the facts of the world. If you think otherwise, you are merely believing the lies you've been brainwashed with.

You did not address whether or not my calcuations were theoretically correct.

Sorry. You're right. I didn't address that. Let me correct my error:

Your calculations are not theoretically correct.

Your 'hypothesis', like every other creationist 'hypothesis', merely suspends those areas of physics which don't agree with it. Whether it's because of misunderstandings (like I'm sure yours are) or through deliberate deception (like most published creationist works), none of them fit all the data we know to exist.

The flood waters did not just come from rain. They also came from 'the fountains of the deep'.

Ah yes. "Fountains of the deep". Must have come welling up from those non-existant holes in the Earth...

There is much archeological evidence, that mountains did not exist prior to the flood.

That's funny. I'd think that if the archeological evidence was there, then the archeologists would be throwing up red flags.

HINT: They aren't.

For example, there is an archeological dig, in a mountain in Peru, of a pre-flood city which was actually a shipping port...

No kidding. What archeological dig was that?

I have read, that if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep.

This shows, that there theoretically there was enough water to cover the whole earth.

Do you have any conception of the amount of heat that would be released by re-arranging the surface of the Earth in such a short period of time? You wouldn't have oceans... you'd have a giant sauna.

Now, regarding your previous calculations:

Rf = radius from the Earth's surface to the firmament

Now, there are 4 forces which affect the firmament's orbit around
earth.
1. Fge - Earth's gravity
2. Fgs - sun's gravity
3. Fae - acceleration around the earth
4. Fas - acceleration around the sun

Fge + Fas = Fgs + Fae --- equation 1

The acceleration of the Earth around the sun would have nothing to do with a stable orbit. The entire system has the same specific angular momentum about the sun, therefore it can be considered an inertial space.

The standard physics textbook 'Geostationary satellite orbit' simply
equates:
Fge = Fae

So, substituting this into equation 1, we get:

Fge + Fas = Fgs + Fge

and we are left with:

Fas = Fgs

An acceleration is a force? What happened to the mass? What exactly are you referring to here? (There is a reason I didn't spend the time refuting this earlier...)

When this is done, the orbit is like 20,000 to 35,000 miles in space
--- depending on the speed (and thus the period).

What? How? I see nothing which leads to that conclusion. Speed has nothing to do with the period. Welcome to the big leagues. Orbits aren't circular.

However, what if,
the Firmament's orbit was designed so that the Earth's gravity was way
larger than the firmament's acceleration around the earth? -- that is:

Fge >> Fae

Force is not an acceleration. Therefore this statement is meaningless. Similar statements in subsequent <snipped> section

<snip>

So, let's find Fgs and Fas:

----------------
Some statistics:
----------------

Te = period of the Earth's rotation = 24 hrs * 60 minutes/hr * 60
seconds/minute = 86,400 seconds

The Earth doesn't take 24 hours to rotate 360 degrees. It takes ~23hrs 56 min. The additional 4 minutes are spent re-aligning your zero meridian with the sun due to the Earth's orbit.

<snip>

Ts = period of sun = 365 days * 24hrs/day * 60 minutes/hr * 60
seconds/minute = 3.15 * 10^7 seconds

Earth doesn't take 365 days to orbit the Sun. It's closer to 365.2425. You forgot leap year. Regardless, the Earth's orbit about the Sun affects an object in Earth orbit barely a lick.

<snip>

----------------
Some Formula's:
----------------

<snip>

2. info from websites for Fas,
Fas = Mf * Rs * (2 * pi / Ts)^2

I don't know where you got this, but any gravitational force is dependant on both masses. The acceleration would be nothing more than the force divided by the mass of the body you're looking at. If this is anything different than the Earth's acceleration, then the firmament won't stay in orbit for long, that's for sure. (Not to mention the fact that it's irrelevant, as I mentioned above).

Assume for now (we'll go back and prove it later), that: Fgs >> Fas

The two terms don't have the same units, therefore this statement is gibberish. A force has units of Newtons, or kg*m*s^-2. Accelerations have units of, well, acceleration m*s^-2. You can't simply equate the two.

Look... I'd love to go on with this, but I think I've already proven that your calculations aren't right. They don't even make sense.

It is impossible for a sphere to be hovering in orbit around a planet. The individual droplets would simply bump into each other every time they pass a node. It just wouldn't be stable. If you're considering a ring like Saturn's, it wouldn't be possible due to interactions with the Moon. This also doesn't consider the mechanism which causes the droplets to slow down ~3 km/sec so they would fall to Earth. It also doesn't consider that you can't have water in a stable state in a vacuum. It would dissociate into monatomic hydrogen (which would escape the Earth/Moon system) and monatomic oxygen (which would eventually decay and end up in the atmosphere).

Like I said above (and I wasn't being mean... unless being realistic and obeying the laws of the universe is "mean"), if you want to resort to magic or superstition to explain the world, go ahaid but leave the science out of it. Science has already analyzed ALL the data, and our current best bet of what was, is, and will happen is what you read in your standard biology, geology, paleontology, physics, etc. textbooks. They all agree. Creationism is patently false.

 

[enigma]

If I come off as harsh, Toby, I'm sorry.

It isn't you I'm angry with.

It's the intellectually dishonest luddites who perpetrate the belief that creationism has any basis in fact or reality that I'm mad at. I'm furious that they pressure school districts into actually debating whether it should be taught along with actual science in science classes. I'm furious that they are destroying any chance of hundreds of thousands of kids to actually have any chance of succeeding in sciences.

Unfortunately, you've already bought into it, so unseating the garbage may be difficult to do. If you actually took the time and read about the world (take a biology or geology or astronomy class), you'd see how rediculous creationism actually is.

 

[mapper]

Also, just because most able minds can see that creationism is a load of BS does not mean that they also believe in no god. You can still believe in something greater then yourself, like many of us here.

From reading written text from a few thousand years ago can you honestly say to yourself that there is no room for error in either translation over the centuries or even just simple minded people trying to make an explanation of something they simply couldn't understand.

If you showed a caveman from a few thousand years ago a lighter from today you think when he goes back to his tribe to tell others he could tell them exactly how it worked or what it even was? It would sound like magic/paranormal to those that have never seen such a thing, even to him and he was witness to it? No?

Think about asteroids, meteors, comets or anything that isn't common in everyday experiences. The stories from the past are simply a way of trying to make sense of something they don't understand.

Religion had its moment in the sun. Back then we didnt have science as we know it today so it was the science of the past. Unfortunately if you wanted to do real science and say anything against what religion believes to be true it was heresy and you were burned at the stake for such.

Religion was just a set of rules placed with some scary stories so people could follow those rules. Look at the basic 10 commandments. What were the rules before those commandments? If we didnt live in a society without those basic 10 commandments wouldn't we be living in a terrible place? But I can tell you, we once were living like that. Someone with some great ideas seen a way to create law and order to the lands. Sick of chaos/rape/murder/thieves, dog eat dog if you will. There was someone that laid out a good set of rules that would make a better way of life if everyone could participate.

Unfortunately over the centuries religion has corrupt. It was power, (Eventually may just be the demise of mankind.) and people did everything to maintain that power. What better way to deal with a power threat then to simply call someone a witch and have them hanged, burned or stoned for whoever said the Earth revolves around the sun rather then the sun around the earth. If you can't see the literally hundreds of examples of power abuse throughout the centuries because of religion I am very sorry for you. Open your mind if not for but a moment to the ideas.

The most terrible thing are these people that refuse to let go, becoming fanatics, blowing themselves up for their cause. They are getting smarter though, rather then blow themselves up they can send out their children to blow themselves up for them cause children are more easily brainwashed before the age of true reasoning and doubt.

I myself believe in something, but I don’t believe an ounce of crap I've read in any bible. There just may be something so outrageous, so great our simple minds can't grasp or understand. That doesn’t scare me, the people that think they know everything on how and why were here are the ones that scare me.

 

[kjvonly]

The R in this formula means Radius, or distance from Earth's center. So wouldn't the 1720 miles that you come up with using this formula mean 1720 miles from Earth's center, which is well below the surface, rather than 1720 miles of altitude?

If this water orbited as a miniature moon, it should have been clearly visible from the Earth as a bright satellite, and there should be pleanty of historical references to this moon. But it couldn't survive there anyway since 1720 miles is well within the Roche limit.

1/6 inch of rain per hour is more than a lite drizzle. We get flooding around here when rainfall exceeds 2 inches per day.

Consider the following website:

http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/RocheLimit.html

=================================
The Roche limit is the orbital distance at which a satellite with no tensile strength (a "liquid" satellite) will begin to be tidally torn apart by the body it is orbiting. A real satellite can pass well within its Roche limit before being torn apart. Consider a rigid body of mass M and radius R with a satellite with mass m and radius r orbiting at a distance d. The Roche limit is reached when a loose chunk of material. (of arbitrary mass, u ) is tidally attracted to M more than it is gravitationally attracted to m. This occurs when:

Ftidal = Fbinding

Plugging in,

2GMur/d^3 = Gmu/r^2

d = r * (2M/m)^(1/3)
=================================

That is, if the ‘liquid’ satellite is closer than 'd', it will be torn apart, and chunks of liquid, the size of ‘u’ will be pulled toward the earth.

I’m not exactly sure how we could apply this to our 15m thick, firmament situation. I guess the firmament could be considered as being composed of millions of small satellites each of radius r (= 15/2 = 7.5); in which case, the Roche limit would be as follows:

The mass of each firmament sphere, Mfs, would be:

Sphere Volume cubicmeter * 64lb/cuft * 1 cuft/0.0283 cubicmeter *0.45kg/lb

m = [4/3 * PI * 64 * 0.45/ 0.0283] Radius^3
m = [4260] 7.5 ^3 = 1.80 x10^6

d = r(2M/m)^(1/3)

d = 7.5 (2*5.98 x 10^24/1.8 x 10^6)^(1/3) = 13.9 x 10^6m = 8645miles

As you pointed out earlier, this is the distance from the center of the earth. This liquid spheroid satellite is only 4685 miles (8645-3960) above the earth’s surface.

In the case of the firmament, however, the firmament is NOT a speroid satellite of radius R. It's like a complete eggshell all around the earth, whose 'yolk' is the earth, and the 'white' is the atmosphere. Hence, since we are considering forces which would pull this arbitrary chunk of mass, u, apart; we must consider the other gravitational forces from the mass on each side of this so-called spheroid. That is, not only does the water in the ‘chunk’ itself attrack u; so too, the mass on each side attact it as well.

In other words, the ‘m’ becomes like ‘3m’, and thus the old ‘d’ becomes d’ as follows:

d’ = r(2M/3m)^(1/3)

d = 7.5 (2*5.98 x 10^24/ [3*1.8 x 10^6])^(1/3) = 9.65 x 10^6m = 6000 miles

6000 miles is not too far off from the 5680 miles I had calculated as being how far the firmament was from the center of the earth, i.e. 3960 (earth’s radius) + 1720 miles (firmament above the surface) = 5680.

I want to also point out, that the above Roche Limit was derived ignoring the affect of a 'third body', that is, 'the sun', Fgs upon the chunk: ‘u’.

Fgs = G*u*Ms/Rs^2

Here is the new diravation:

2GMur/d^3 = Gmu/r^2 + G*u*Ms/Rs^2
2Mr/d^3 = m/r^2 + Ms/Rs^2

d^3 = 2Mr/[ m/r^2 + Ms/Rs^2 ]
d = {2Mr/[ m/r^2 + Ms/Rs^2 ]}^(1/3)

d = {2*5.98 x 10^24*7.5/[ 1.80 x10^6/7.5^2 + 2.0 x 10^30/1.6 X 10^9^2 ]}^(1/3)
d = {9.0 x 10^25/[ 3.2 x10^4 + 7.8125 x10^11]}^(1/3)
d = {9.0 x 10^25/[ 3.2 x10^4 + 7.8125 x10^11]}^(1/3) = 48160meters = 30 miles

 

[kjvonly]

Toby wrote:

For example, there is an archeological dig, in a mountain in Peru, of a pre-flood city which was actually a shipping port... The only reasonable explanation, is that the city, at one time had been much lower in elevation, but became much higher when the mountain was formed.

Nereid replied:

And which site is that?

I own a book written by David Fasold entitled ‘The Ark of Noah’. It's in Bolivia, not Peru. The Book has pictures. The following website references it:

http://www.biblesearchers.com/ancients/noah/noah5.shtml
------------------------------------------------------------
Fasold on the 300 day year - David Fasold gives evidence that the calendar data of Tiahuanaco, the ancient megalithic city which now sits high in the Andean highlands of Bolivia at about 17,000 feet, had a solar calendar engraved on the giant Gateway to the Gods which depicted a solar year of 291.2 days which included a ten-month solar year with the lunar cycles approximating a ten to one ratio. (Fasold, Ibid, p. 62-63)
------------------------------------------------------------

 

[kjvonly]

Toby wrote:

I have read, that if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep.

Nereid wrote:
"Source please!"


First off, there are literally hundreds of websites which claim that 75% of the Earth is covered with water. Here are 2 of them:

------------------------------------------------------
http://www.spa3.k12.sc.us/WebQuests/New%20Planet%20WebQuest/earth.html

Earth: The Water Planet- Seventy percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water.

Although three-quarters of the Earth is covered with water, 97.6 percent our water is salty and. 1.9 percent is frozen into the polar ice caps. This means that only about half a percent of our. planet’s water resources is fresh water.
www.nmapa.org/Policy/Water.pdf[/URL]
------------------------------------

It seems obvious, at least to me, that if the remaining 25% of the earth, which is above sea level, was removed and spread out in the ocean, the whole Earth would be under water.

But consider some facts


[PLAIN]www.byhowell.com/HAIKU/FACTS.htm[/URL]
--------------------------------
Ocean Facts
More than 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water. The average depth of the ocean is 4 km.
[PLAIN]www.byhowell.com/HAIKU/FACTS.htm[/URL]
--------------------------------

That is, the average depth below sea level is 4km, i.e. 2.5 miles deep!

Now, in the United States, OREGON is one of the highest states. Consider:

--------------------------------
[PLAIN]http://www.wssb.org/pnw/PNW%20Chapters/Chpter02.doc (MICROSOFT WORD)
Oregon’s average elevation above sea level is 3,300 feet ...
www.wssb.org/pnw/PNW[/URL] Chapters/Chpter02.doc -
--------------------------------

This is roughly 2/3rds of a mile high.


Illinois is a typical state:

-------------------------------
[PLAIN]http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/I/IL/ILLER.htm
The surface of lilinois is an inclined plane, whose general slope is toward the S. and S.\V. The average elevation above sea-level is about 600 ft.;
--------------------------------

This is roughly 1/9th of a mile.

I hope I made my point. Here is one last piece of evidence:


http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/AnswersBook/flood12.asp
-----------------------------------
That is why the oceans are so deep, and why there are folded mountain ranges. Indeed, if the entire earth’s surface were leveled by smoothing out the topography of not only the land surface but also the rock surface on the ocean floor, the waters of the ocean would cover the earth’s surface to a depth of 2.7 kilometers (1.7 miles). We need to remember that about 70% of the earth’s surface is still covered by water. Quite clearly, then, the waters of Noah’s Flood are in today’s ocean basins.
-----------------------------------

 

[enigma]

------------------------------------------------------------
Fasold on the 300 day year - David Fasold gives evidence that the calendar data of Tiahuanaco, the ancient megalithic city which now sits high in the Andean highlands of Bolivia at about 17,000 feet, had a solar calendar engraved on the giant Gateway to the Gods which depicted a solar year of 291.2 days which included a ten-month solar year with the lunar cycles approximating a ten to one ratio. (Fasold, Ibid, p. 62-63)
------------------------------------------------------------

Come on. You mean this Tiahuanaco? The one which wasn't settled until 400BC? The one which was built on a river which drained into one of the largest lakes in the region?

That's the sort of intellectual dishonesty I was referring to, Toby. Facts aren't important to creationists.

 

[enigma]

I’m not exactly sure how we could apply this to our 15m thick, firmament situation. I guess the firmament could be considered as being composed of millions of small satellites each of radius r (= 15/2 = 7.5); in which case, the Roche limit would be as follows:

No.

You can't just change the problem and expect it to work out OK.

Spheres of material are not gravitationally stable. You can't even have a single extra piece of material stay in place for very long unless it's in one of the stable Lagrange points or acted upon by another body (like Jupiter acts on the asteroid belt).

 

[Nereid]

Toby wrote:



Nereid wrote:
"Source please!"


First off, there are literally hundreds of websites which claim that 75% of the Earth is covered with water. Here are 2 of them:

------------------------------------------------------
http://www.spa3.k12.sc.us/WebQuests/New%20Planet%20WebQuest/earth.html

Earth: The Water Planet- Seventy percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water.

Although three-quarters of the Earth is covered with water, 97.6 percent our water is salty and. 1.9 percent is frozen into the polar ice caps. This means that only about half a percent of our. planet’s water resources is fresh water.
www.nmapa.org/Policy/Water.pdf[/URL]
------------------------------------

It seems obvious, at least to me, that if the remaining 25% of the earth, which is above sea level, was removed and spread out in the ocean, the whole Earth would be under water.

But consider some facts


[PLAIN]www.byhowell.com/HAIKU/FACTS.htm[/URL]
--------------------------------
Ocean Facts
More than 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water. The average depth of the ocean is 4 km.
[PLAIN]www.byhowell.com/HAIKU/FACTS.htm[/URL]
--------------------------------

That is, the average depth below sea level is 4km, i.e. 2.5 miles deep!

Now, in the United States, OREGON is one of the highest states. Consider:

--------------------------------
[PLAIN]http://www.wssb.org/pnw/PNW%20Chapters/Chpter02.doc (MICROSOFT WORD)
Oregon’s average elevation above sea level is 3,300 feet ...
www.wssb.org/pnw/PNW[/URL] Chapters/Chpter02.doc -
--------------------------------

This is roughly 2/3rds of a mile high.


Illinois is a typical state:

-------------------------------
[PLAIN]http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/I/IL/ILLER.htm
The surface of lilinois is an inclined plane, whose general slope is toward the S. and S.\V. The average elevation above sea-level is about 600 ft.;
--------------------------------

This is roughly 1/9th of a mile.

I hope I made my point. Here is one last piece of evidence:


http://www.answersingenesis.org/Home/Area/AnswersBook/flood12.asp
-----------------------------------
That is why the oceans are so deep, and why there are folded mountain ranges. Indeed, if the entire earth’s surface were leveled by smoothing out the topography of not only the land surface but also the rock surface on the ocean floor, the waters of the ocean would cover the earth’s surface to a depth of 2.7 kilometers (1.7 miles). We need to remember that about 70% of the earth’s surface is still covered by water. Quite clearly, then, the waters of Noah’s Flood are in today’s ocean basins.
-----------------------------------

As you're new here kjvonly, perhaps you haven't yet appreciated how this site works (caveat: this is my personal opinion, not that of any administrator or mentor). Basically, if you make a claim - such as "if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep." - then any PF member can challenge you to back up your claim, either by reference to an academic, scientific paper or website, or by providing your own calculations.

In this case, you have given what we often call 'hand-waving' reasons to back your claim, e.g. "It seems obvious, at least to me, that if the remaining 25% of the earth, which is above sea level, was removed and spread out in the ocean, the whole Earth would be under water."

An example of how you may have responded: "the volume of water in the Earth's oceans is {X, with link to a source}, the average depth of the oceans is {Y, with link to a source}, the average elevation of land is {Z, with link to a source}, and the total land area is {A, ... you get the idea}. Thus, the volume of above-sea-level land is {a, with calculation}, which is < X; further, spreading the 'land volume' evenly into the oceans would reduce the average depth of the oceans by {b, with calculation}, resulting in an average ocean depth (and no land) of approx 1 mile." [Note: I'm not saying this is a good support for your claim, merely that it illustrates what we here at PF are looking for].

 

[kjvonly]

Come on. You mean this Tiahuanaco? The one which wasn't settled until 400BC? The one which was built on a river which drained into one of the largest lakes in the region?

That's the sort of intellectual dishonesty I was referring to, Toby. Facts aren't important to creationists.

Enigma, you are the one being dishonest. The website you referenced not only says the following (as you stated):

"The city was settled by 400 B. C. on the Tiahuanaco River,"

But it also says this:

"Some of the massive structures at this site, like the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx in Egypt and Baalbek in Lebanon, date from pre-flood times, as long ago as 10,500 BC."

Note it says: PRE-FLOOD

It's obvious, that some of the massive structures were built before the flood, and then after the flood, circa 400bc, another civilization sprung up at the same location.

 

[kjvonly]

No.

You can't just change the problem and expect it to work out OK.

Spheres of material are not gravitationally stable. You can't even have a single extra piece of material stay in place for very long unless it's in one of the stable Lagrange points or acted upon by another body (like Jupiter acts on the asteroid belt).

Source please!

 

[kjvonly]

As you're new here kjvonly, perhaps you haven't yet appreciated how this site works (caveat: this is my personal opinion, not that of any administrator or mentor). Basically, if you make a claim - such as "if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1 mile deep." - then any PF member can challenge you to back up your claim, either by reference to an academic, scientific paper or website, or by providing your own calculations.

In this case, you have given what we often call 'hand-waving' reasons to back your claim, e.g. "It seems obvious, at least to me, that if the remaining 25% of the earth, which is above sea level, was removed and spread out in the ocean, the whole Earth would be under water."

An example of how you may have responded: "the volume of water in the Earth's oceans is {X, with link to a source}, the average depth of the oceans is {Y, with link to a source}, the average elevation of land is {Z, with link to a source}, and the total land area is {A, ... you get the idea}. Thus, the volume of above-sea-level land is {a, with calculation}, which is < X; further, spreading the 'land volume' evenly into the oceans would reduce the average depth of the oceans by {b, with calculation}, resulting in an average ocean depth (and no land) of approx 1 mile." [Note: I'm not saying this is a good support for your claim, merely that it illustrates what we here at PF are looking for].

Greetings Neroid,

IT is true, that I did not give any calculations. However, I did give 5 different sources, but still, I agree, it was not thorough enough. So, this time, I will include the equations with the sources. Fair enough?

Let:

'D' = the Depth of the Water covering the whole Earth if all the land above sea level and below sea level were evenly leveled to the same 'Elevation'.
(this is what I am going to calculate.)

-----------------------------------------
fact: El = Average elevation of the land above sea level = 0.4 miles
-----------------------------------------
"http://www.geocities.com/inations/eworld.htm"
The average elevation of the Americas stands very close to the world average of 2,100 ft (640 m).

2100 ft * 1 mile/5280ft = 0.4 miles

-----------------------------------------
fact: Pw = Percent of the world which is water = 70% (minimum)
-----------------------------------------
There are literally hundreds of websites which claim that 70% to 75% of the Earth is covered with water. Here are 2 of them:

http://www.spa3.k12.sc.us/WebQuests/New%20Planet%20WebQuest/earth.html

Earth: The Water Planet- Seventy percent of the Earth's surface is covered by water.

Although three-quarters of the Earth is covered with water, 97.6 percent our water is salty and. 1.9 percent is frozen into the polar ice caps. This means that only about half a percent of our. planet’s water resources is fresh water.
www.nmapa.org/Policy/Water.pdf[/URL]


-----------------------------------------
Calculation: Pl = Percent of the world which is water = 100 - Pw = 30%
-----------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------
fact: Ew = average depth of the ocean = - 4km = - 2.5 miles below sea level
-----------------------------------------
Note: the minus sign means it is below sea level.

[PLAIN]www.byhowell.com/HAIKU/FACTS.htm[/URL]
"The average depth of the ocean is 4 km"

Ew = 4 Km * 0.621mile/1km = 2.5 miles

-----------------------------------------
Calculation: D = - 1.63 miles
-----------------------------------------
D = {Pw * Ew + Pl * El}/(Pw + El)
D = {70*(-2.5) + 30*0.4}/(70 + 30) = - 1.6 miles

Hence, I can most assuredly claim, that:

[color=blue]
if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1.6 mile deep[/color]

Do you agree Neroid?

 

[enigma]

Source please!

Are you kidding? You quoted a source yourself.

Stable Lagrange Points:

They state that L4 and L5 are stable. The other three are quasi stable at best. Any other point (including a ring or spheroid) is not a stable configuration.

If that's not enough, you can refer to:

Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications by Vallado

Fundamentals of Astrodynamics by Bate, Mueller, and White

or any other college level astrodynamics textbook.

I am a graduate level aerospace engineering student. I have had many courses in astrodynamics. I have no reason to lie to you about this.

Note it says: PRE-FLOOD

So it does, so it does. I'll admit, I didn't read the entire article. You'll also notice that it doesn't state what structures are found there... it merely diverts your attention to Egypt and Lebanon. I'd love to hear the explanation for how this miraculous flood which destroyed every living thing on the planet save those who somehow survived without food for half a year AND re-arranged the surface of the planet, creating the new mountains it is now located in somehow managed to spare these unnamed structures. Earthquakes at ~8 on the Richter scale are enough to destroy whole modern cities. How big do you think the Earthquakes were which accompanied the re-arranging of the Andes mountains?

Looking for a more reputable source which doesn't resort to magic to explain things yields this: http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/latinamerica/south/sites/tiahuanaco.html

The small farming village evolved into a regal city of multi-terraced platform pyramids, courts and urban areas, covering a total 2.31 square miles between AD 100 and 1000.

You'll notice that large quantities of the crystalinks website are plagiarized from the mnsu.edu site. EDIT: And apparently many others. Google searches show that almost all of the crystalinks site was plagiarized. Another example

An example:

Little is known of the 30,000 to 60,000 urban dwellers or of the city’s crafts or administrative functions. We also know little about the storage system that was required for the bounty of surplus foods from the agricultural fields, the vast llama herds on the Poona, and the abundant fish caught in the lake. The core of this imperial capital was surrounded by a moat that restricted access to the temples and areas frequented by royalty.

Little is known of the 30,000 to 60,000 urban dwellers or of the city's crafts or administrative functions. We also know little about the storage system that was required for the bounty of surplus foods from the agricultural fields, the vast llama herds on the Poona, and the abundant fish caught in the lake. The core of this imperial capital was surrounded by a moat that restricted access to the temples and areas frequented by royalty.

I know it's not the other way around, because the 'pre-flood times' sentence is stolen from this site.

Day 9:
In the morning we will have plenty of time to explore Tiwanaku, a mysterious ruined city of extremely ancient origins. Some of the massive structures at this site, like the Great Pyramid and the Sphinx in Egypt and Baalbek in Lebanon, date from pre-flood times as long ago as 10,500 BC. This is a pilgrimage site of great holiness, ancient scientific importance and captivating beauty. In the afternoon we return to La Paz where we will stay the night at a hotel in the witches market.

Please notice, that the tourism site which the 'pre-flood' quote came from wasn't even referring to Tiahuanaco! (And I haven't found any other corroborating sources which place the emergence of Tiwanaku any earlier than ~100AD, either)

I'd appreciate an apology for being called dishonest, please. I really don't take kindly to that.

 

[Nereid]

I think you're getting there, but you do need to take a lot more care with your work.

-----------------------------------------
fact: Pw = Percent of the world which is water = 70% (minimum)
-----------------------------------------

It would seem, from the context, that you mean something like 'percentage of the Earth's surface which is water'; after all, the Earth is principally iron and rock (not water)

-----------------------------------------
Calculation: Pl = Percent of the world which is water = 100 - Pw = 30%
-----------------------------------------

Again, you probably mean 'land' (and not 'water').

Now back to the fatal flaw in your idea:
- how does your proposed thin spherical shell of water stay at ~1500 miles above the Earth's surface?
- specifically, what is the motion of a given blob (say 1 cc) of water?

 

[kjvonly]

I think you're getting there, but you do need to take a lot more care with your work.It would seem, from the context, that you mean something like 'percentage of the Earth's surface which is water'; after all, the Earth is principally iron and rock (not water) Again, you probably mean 'land' (and not 'water').

agreed. a better wording for sure.

Despite, some of these small aberations in English, did you agree with my conclusion which I repeat as follows:

"if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1.6 mile deep"

If you don't agree, which fact or calculation in my previous post did you disagree with?

Now back to the fatal flaw in your idea:
- how does your proposed thin spherical shell of water stay at ~1500 miles above the Earth's surface?
- specifically, what is the motion of a given blob (say 1 cc) of water?

I answered your first question in my opening post in this thread. Remember? I stated:

---------------------------------
Now, there are 4 forces which affect the firmament's orbit around
earth.
1. Fge - Earth's gravity
2. Fgs - sun's gravity
3. Fae - acceleration around the Earth
4. Fas - acceleration around the sun
-----------------------------------

I'm not sure where you got the blob of 1cc of water. It was a lot bigger blob than that. I'm not exactly sure what the motion was. I suspect it was spinning just like the Earth spun, and having roughly the same period or slightly slower. That being the case, I showed that: Fge >> Fae. I also showed that: Fgs >> Fas.

 

[kjvonly]

Source please!

Are you kidding? You quoted a source yourself.

Stable Lagrange Points:

They state that L4 and L5 are stable. The other three are quasi stable at best. Any other point (including a ring or spheroid) is not a stable configuration.

If that's not enough, you can refer to:

Fundamentals of Astrodynamics and Applications by Vallado

Fundamentals of Astrodynamics by Bate, Mueller, and White

or any other college level astrodynamics textbook.

I am a graduate level aerospace engineering student. I have had many courses in astrodynamics. I have no reason to lie to you about this.

That's what Neroid calls handwaving. And again, you didn't tell the whole story again. The article also stated, in regards to L1, L2, and L3:

"There are, however, orbits around them in the planes perpendicular to the axis connecting the two major bodies which are almost stable, requiring only small occasional corrections"

Further, the article made no mention of 'a ring or spheroid' as you postulated. It stated, at the beginning, the initial situation far different than yours:

"For two large co-orbiting bodies with nearly circular orbits of masses and (with ), and a third small body having the same revolution period n as the other two ..."

According to your astrodynamics, the rings of Saturn must not exist.

And you have every reason to lie because you are plainly prejudiced in your anti-God religion.

Originally Posted by =kjvonly
Note it says: PRE-FLOOD

So it does, so it does. I'll admit, I didn't read the entire article. You'll also notice that it doesn't state what structures are found there... it merely diverts your attention to Egypt and Lebanon. I'd love to hear the explanation for how this miraculous flood which destroyed every living thing on the planet save those who somehow survived without food for half a year AND re-arranged the surface of the planet, creating the new mountains it is now located in somehow managed to spare these unnamed structures. Earthquakes at ~8 on the Richter scale are enough to destroy whole modern cities. How big do you think the Earthquakes were which accompanied the re-arranging of the Andes mountains?

Looking for a more reputable source which doesn't resort to magic to explain things yields this: Tiahuanaco

It does say 'some of the massive structures', then it goes into detail (especially in a hyperlink) to one specific structure called the 'TIAUANACO SUN GATE'. The thing was tipped over and split. The 'flood' story never claims that there were earthquakes over every square inch of the Earth's surface. IF the epicenter was not right at this location, the massive stone structures would easily survive. By the way, this 'sun gate' has a solar calendar of 290 days. This means that the orbit of the Earth was different than it is today. Some cataclysmic event caused the orbit to change. It is this same event which I believe caused the firmament to disintegrate.

and that little 'Tiahuanaco' website is just a short little ditty with no meat.

You'll notice that large quantities of the crystalinks website are plagiarized from the mnsu.edu site. EDIT: And apparently many others. Google searches show that almost all of the crystalinks site was plagiarized. Another example

An example:

First off, to claim plagiarism, you need to prove which article was written first. You have not done this. When are you going to stop making false charges?!? Second, it could be that both sources got their information from the same source, hence, the same wording! Thirdly, when you examine the rest of the Crystalinks.com website, you will quickly discover, it's probably closer to your religion than mine.

I'd appreciate an apology for being called dishonest, please. I really don't take kindly to that.

You used the word first, you go first.

 

[enigma]

That's what Neroid calls handwaving. And again, you didn't tell the whole story again.

It is not handwaving when the calculations have been done in extreme detail. I showed you a link to the calculations which prove it (twice). It is not my concern that you don't understand what the mathematics on the Wolfram website or in any of the books which I cited. I am not going to go line for line through the 3-body problem for you.

The calculations have been done. They are freely available online and in book form. I understand what the calculations prove. Unless you have a background in math or physics, going line for line through them would be a waste of both of our time.

If you don't want to take my word for it, fine. Go right ahead and take four years of physics, math, and engineering, and learn it yourself.

While you're at it though, you might as well stop posting here. There is no reason to come to a website asking for critiques on your calculations if you're going to just call everyone who points out mistakes a liar.

The article also stated, in regards to L1, L2, and L3:

"There are, however, orbits around them in the planes perpendicular to the axis connecting the two major bodies which are almost stable, requiring only small occasional corrections"

Yes, among others those are called http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/H/haloorbit.html I have studied them fairly extensively because they were used as the communications relay for a design project I was involved in. They are also used for the SOHO solar observation satellite. Do note that it says that they require corrections. Those corrections are on the order of ~100m/s of delta V per year. You need some sort of thruster to stay there. Water does not have a thruster. Therefore, like I said, it is not a stable configuration (along with the other 4pi steradians of space where your model places water).

Further, the article made no mention of 'a ring or spheroid' as you postulated. It stated, at the beginning, the initial situation far different than yours:

"For two large co-orbiting bodies with nearly circular orbits of masses and (with ), and a third small body having the same revolution period n as the other two ..."

A ring or spheroid is nothing more than a collection of smaller particles. If a fourth particle is not stable (unless it is specifically in the well caused by the L4 or L5 Lagrange points), then how would a hundred thousandth particle be?

According to your astrodynamics, the rings of Saturn must not exist.

"My astrodynamics" (which just happens to be the astrodynamics which is generally accepted in the industry) says nothing of the sort. Although the full situation is not known (Casini is currently in orbit around Saturn to study the rings among other things), Things which Saturn has which your model does not include shepherd moons and a much larger gravity field which traps particles to continually replace those which are known to decay into the atmosphere.

And you have every reason to lie because you are plainly prejudiced in your anti-God religion.

You don't have the faintest idea what my religion is. Don't presume to know my mind, sir.

The 'flood' story never claims that there were earthquakes over every square inch of the Earth's surface. IF the epicenter was not right at this location, the massive stone structures would easily survive.

But you JUST said earlier in this thread that the mountains didn't exist before the flood. I'm sorry. You can't have it both ways. You can't use something as a possible explanation, and then completely disregard it when disputing evidence is brought up. If there was a massive re-organization of the Earth's surface features over a very short period of time, then side effects of that re-organization must be present. Unless you resort to magic as an explanation, that is.

By the way, this 'sun gate' has a solar calendar of 290 days. This means that the orbit of the Earth was different than it is today. Some cataclysmic event caused the orbit to change. It is this same event which I believe caused the firmament to disintegrate.

That's amusing. The only sources which I found which make this claim are creationist sites. Every site which presents things in a scientific light state that the markings are thought to be a calendar, but that archaeologists aren't sure.

First off, to claim plagiarism, you need to prove which article was written first. You have not done this.

Have you lost your senses, sir? I posted three separate links! Each one of those links contains sections of the crystalinks article. Are you honestly making the case that three completely independent sites covering the same topic somehow coordinated and stole sections from the crystalinks website, but not from each other? If you go to the crystalinks homepage, select ANY of the articles (I looked at three of them at random, myself) select ANY single sentence, place a fragment of that sentence in quotes into google you'll find another website with the exact same wording. I spent an hour and a half doing this last night (in disgust). I didn't find a single sentence which wasn't taken from somewhere else. Do you honestly want me to consider that the crystalinks website is the victim? If she were my student, I'd have her expelled.

Thirdly, when you examine the rest of the Crystalinks.com website, you will quickly discover, it's probably closer to your religion than mine.

1) Again, you haven't the faintest idea what my religion is. Do not presume to know my mind, sir.
2) Not bloody likely. UFOs, crystals, metaphysics, etc. jive with reality about as much as creationism does.
3) I don't associate with plagiarists. I personally removed a teammate from a design project which I lead because she copied her section verbatim from websites. I do not feel the slightest pang of regret that she didn't graduate because of it. If I hadn't noticed, and submitted the final presentation, it would have been the end of my, her, and everyone else on the team's careers.

You used the word first, you go first.

I refer you to my earlier post:

If I come off as harsh, Toby, I'm sorry.

It isn't you I'm angry with.

You can believe whatever the heck you want to believe. You're wrong; and have be proven so mathematically (even if you don't understand the math). Still, you refuse to accept even the possibility that people who have spent years studying a subject have the capability to poke holes in obvious flawed thinking without breaking out pen-and-paper. This leads me to believe that you've simply made up your mind and no amount of reality will sway you from your erroneous thinking. I do not need validation from those with that type of thinking, so I'll remove my request. I will not, however, continue this ridiculous conversation with someone who simply calls anyone who proves him wrong "dishonest" or a "liar".

 

[Nereid]

agreed. a better wording for sure.

Despite, some of these small aberations in English, did you agree with my conclusion which I repeat as follows:

"if all the non-water, land mass were spread out equally, around the whole earth, so that there were no mountains or valleys, the whole Earth would be covered with water approiximately 1.6 mile deep"

If you don't agree, which fact or calculation in my previous post did you disagree with?

If you'd like to repost your calculations, in better English, and without the 'small aberations', I might be in a position to comment.

I answered your first question in my opening post in this thread. Remember? I stated:

---------------------------------
Now, there are 4 forces which affect the firmament's orbit around
earth.
1. Fge - Earth's gravity
2. Fgs - sun's gravity
3. Fae - acceleration around the Earth
4. Fas - acceleration around the sun
-----------------------------------

You did state this, and enigma showed that, as you wrote it, your first post was pretty much unintelligible (or, less charitably, betrayed gross misunderstanding of even basic mechanics).

I'm not sure where you got the blob of 1cc of water. It was a lot bigger blob than that. I'm not exactly sure what the motion was. I suspect it was spinning just like the Earth spun, and having roughly the same period or slightly slower. That being the case, I showed that: Fge >> Fae. I also showed that: Fgs >> Fas.

So, it seems that you don't really understand much physics then - I introduced the 1cc blob to try to make it easier for you.

Let's examine a kg of water that is in your heavenly hollow sphere, I'll choose one that's directly 'above' the north pole. For simplicity, let's ignore the Moon and the Sun (the result doesn't change), so we have just a kg of water ~1500 miles above the north pole. Clearly there is a gravitational attraction between this kg and the Earth, and the gravitational force will be (from the kg of water's point of view) towards the centre of the Earth, which lies beneath the N pole.

Now, is there any other force? No; taking you at your word - 'it was spinning just like the Earth spun' - directly above the N pole, there is no 'centripital force' (if you've not come across this term, please look it up). So, the kg of water above the N pole will fall straight down ... how fast will it be going when it encounters air, at a height of (say) 100 km? You can assume it started from rest (wrt the Earth's centre). But wait! Water has surface tension! Perhaps the surface tension of the rest of the heavenly yolk could hold it in its place?

 

[Locrian]

And you have every reason to lie because you are plainly prejudiced in your anti-God religion.

This thread can only get better from there.

 

[Integral]

Sorry guys I am haveing trouble finding a PF guideline that this thread has NOT violated.

It's done.