Randomness of digits of irrational numbers.

In summary, the conversation discusses the randomness of the digits of irrational numbers and whether it can be said that any arbitrarily long string of digits must occur at some point in any irrational number. It is not known whether familiar numbers like pi and e are "normal numbers", but it is proven that "almost all" numbers are normal. For more information on this topic, one can look up "normal numbers".
  • #1
Fallen Seraph
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How random are the digits of irrational numbers? Can it be said of them (i.e. pi=3.14159...) that given any arbitrarily long string of digits it must occur at some point in any irrational number? And would anyone know of anywhere I could find out more on this topic?
 
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  • #2
Fallen Seraph said:
How random are the digits of irrational numbers? Can it be said of them (i.e. pi=3.14159...) that given any arbitrarily long string of digits it must occur at some point in any irrational number? And would anyone know of anywhere I could find out more on this topic?

Except for a few "made up" examples that are defined by using random numbers, no one really knows. In particular it is not known whether [itex]\pi[/itex] or e or other familiar irrational numbers are "normal numbers": numbers such that every possible list of n numbers occurs, on average, 1/10n of the time: exactly what you would expect of a set of random numbers.

It can be shown, however, that, in a very specific sense, "almost all" numbers are normal! For more information, look up "normal numbers".
 
  • #3
Thanks a lot.
 

1. What is the significance of studying the randomness of digits of irrational numbers?

Studying the randomness of digits of irrational numbers is important because it helps us understand the nature of these numbers and their distribution. This can have real-world applications in fields such as cryptography and statistics.

2. How do you determine the randomness of digits in an irrational number?

To determine the randomness of digits in an irrational number, we can use statistical tests such as the Chi-square test or the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. These tests compare the distribution of digits in the number to what would be expected in a truly random sequence.

3. Are there any known patterns or sequences in the digits of irrational numbers?

No, there are no known patterns or sequences in the digits of irrational numbers. In fact, one of the defining characteristics of irrational numbers is that their digits are random and non-repeating.

4. Can we predict the next digit in an irrational number based on the previous digits?

No, we cannot predict the next digit in an irrational number based on the previous digits. Each digit in an irrational number is independent and has an equal probability of occurring.

5. How does the randomness of digits in irrational numbers relate to the concept of infinity?

The randomness of digits in irrational numbers is closely related to the concept of infinity. Since irrational numbers have an infinite number of digits and no repeating pattern, they demonstrate the infinite nature of numbers and the impossibility of fully comprehending them.

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