Can every set be contained in a measurable set differing by a null set?

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In summary, the conversation is discussing the proof of a theorem regarding Lebesgue outer measure. The theorem states that for a sequence of sets, increasing to A, the outer measure of each set in the sequence also increases to the outer measure of A. A hint is given, suggesting that every set can be contained in a measurable set that differs from it by a null set. The speaker considers using the closure of the set and acknowledges that the boundary may not necessarily be null. However, with the given hint, the proof becomes trivial. The speaker just needs to figure out where to start on proving the hint. The conversation concludes by mentioning the existence of a measurable set that contains any given subset of real numbers and has the same outer measure
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alexfloo
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I'm trying to prove, per ex. 5 of section 2.2 of S. Berberian's Fundamentals of Real Analysis, that where [itex]\lambda^*[/itex] is the Lebesgue outer measure, and An is any sequence of (not necessarily measurable) sets of reals increasing to A, then [itex]\lambda^*(A_n)[/itex] increases to [itex]\lambda^*(A)[/itex].

As a hint, it mentions that every set is contained in a measurable set which differs from it by a null set. I considered the closure. I know that the boundary is not necessarily null (for instance, the rationals) but perhaps this cannot be the case for a nonmeasurable set.

In either case, assuming the hint, the proof is pretty trivial. I just don't really know where to start on proving the hint.
 
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Given any subset B of R, measurable or not, one can find a measurable set M containing B with ##\lambda^*(B) = \lambda(M)##. (If the outermeasure of B is infinite, take M=R; otherwise find a descending sequence U_n of open sets containing B with ##\lambda(U_n) < \lambda(B) + 1/n##, and then let M be their intersection.)

The existence of such an M should help you prove your hint.
 

1. What is Lebesgue outer measure?

Lebesgue outer measure is a mathematical concept used to measure the size or extent of a set in a given space. It is used in measure theory to extend the notion of length, area, and volume to more abstract spaces.

2. How is Lebesgue outer measure different from other measures?

Lebesgue outer measure differs from other measures in that it considers the entire space or region rather than just the individual elements within the set. It takes into account the "outer boundary" of the set, rather than just the elements contained within it.

3. How is Lebesgue outer measure calculated?

The Lebesgue outer measure of a set is calculated by measuring the length, area, or volume of the smallest possible covering of the set. This is done by considering all possible collections of intervals, rectangles, or cubes that cover the set, and finding the infimum (greatest lower bound) of these measures.

4. What is the significance of Lebesgue outer measure?

Lebesgue outer measure is significant because it allows for the measurement of sets that are not easily measurable using traditional measures such as length, area, and volume. It provides a more general and abstract approach to measuring size and extent, which is useful in many areas of mathematics and science.

5. How is Lebesgue outer measure used in real-world applications?

Lebesgue outer measure has numerous applications in fields such as physics, economics, and engineering. It is used to measure the size and extent of sets in various contexts, such as the length of a coastline, the area of a region, or the volume of a solid object. It is also used in probability theory to define the concept of probability on abstract spaces.

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