It's complicated. The asteroid initially has a very large amount of kinetic energy. When it hits an object that energy must be transferred or converted to something else in order for the asteroid to stop. When the asteroid impacts something, the kinetic energy is converted to thermal and kinetic energy of the resulting collision products. That's why the impact vaporizes and melts a significant amount of material and why it shoots it out and up into the air. The overall effect is similar to a large explosion. In fact, it pretty much is the definition of an explosion. Per wiki:
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An explosion is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases. Supersonic explosions created by high explosives are known as detonations and travel via supersonic shock waves. Subsonic explosions are created by low explosives through a slower burning process known as deflagration.
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The impact would generate quite an explosion.
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