Weak interactions are one of the four fundamental forces in nature, along with gravitational, electromagnetic, and strong nuclear interactions. They are responsible for certain types of radioactive decays, such as beta decay, and play a crucial role in the structure and behavior of subatomic particles.
Unlike gravitational and electromagnetic interactions, which have an infinite range, weak interactions have a very short range and are only effective at the scale of subatomic particles. They are also much weaker than the other fundamental forces, which is why they are called "weak" interactions.
Weak interactions have important applications in nuclear physics and in the production of energy. They are also used in the medical field for medical imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) scans.
Weak interactions involve the exchange of particles called W and Z bosons between subatomic particles. These bosons are responsible for the force of the interaction.
Scientists use a variety of experimental techniques, such as particle accelerators and detectors, to study and understand weak interactions. They also use mathematical models and theories, such as the Standard Model, to describe and predict the behavior of weak interactions.