Papers (preferably classic) on Big Bang/Inflationary theory and/or origins of energy?

In summary, the big bang is not a theory of the origins of the energy of the universe, but is a theory of the origin of the structure of the universe. classical papers which discuss hypotheses on the origins of the energy of the universe and how this relates (or does not relate) to the early development theories are not readily available.
  • #1
Hypatio
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It is my understanding that the big bang is not a theory of the origins of the energy of the universe, but is a theory of the origin of the structure of the universe (ie, it's early evolution). Also, I understand that it is a common misconception that the big bang is a theory of the absolute origin of the universe in this sense. Is that correct?

What are some papers (eg. classic original research and/or more recent review journal papers) which deal specifically with the problem of identifying how far back big bang/inflationary theory can go? I've read Guth (1981), but I'd like something that discusses this problem more specifically.

In addition, are there any classical papers which discuss hypotheses on the origins of the energy of the universe and how this relates (or does not relate) to the early development theories?

Thanks!
 
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  • #2


Hypatio said:
It is my understanding that the big bang is not a theory of the origins of the energy of the universe, but is a theory of the origin of the structure of the universe (ie, it's early evolution). Also, I understand that it is a common misconception that the big bang is a theory of the absolute origin of the universe in this sense. Is that correct?

It is a matter of taste how one uses the term "big bang". Generally in the cosmologist circles it is taken to mean the hot dense state some time before nucleosynthesis/baryogenesis/whatever lowish energy scale epoch you are interested in talking about. So you would say that the standard cosmology timeline is inflation -> reheating -> big bang -> everything else.

The thing about energy is that you don't need any to produce a universe, even as large as ours, as long as you have physics which can initiate inflation. After inflation has started, the total energy stored in the inflating field increases almost exponentially, and at the end of inflation, it is enough to produce all the particles we see around today.
 
  • #3


Hypatio said:
It is my understanding that the big bang is not a theory of the origins of the energy of the universe, but is a theory of the origin of the structure of the universe (ie, it's early evolution). Also, I understand that it is a common misconception that the big bang is a theory of the absolute origin of the universe in this sense. Is that correct?
Unfortunately, the language here is sometimes confusing, because there are two different definitions here.

1. The Big Bang Theory is exactly as you describe. It is a description of how our universe has changed over time. It does include a starting point, but because that starting point is a singularity, basically nobody believes that is a "real" event. People generally only trust the theory for later times, in particular where it has been tested in detail, and expect some other theory to describe what happened before.

2. The big bang event is generally used to refer to whatever event started off our region of space-time, or alternatively to the extremely hot and dense state at the early universe. It is sometimes, confusingly, used to refer to the singularity that nobody believes exists. So in general, when somebody is talking about the big bang as an event, they mean a time in the very early universe, but the specific definition of precisely when can get a little bit fuzzy. However, all of the fuzzy definitions of the big bang event occur within a minuscule fraction of a second of one another, so that for most practical purposes they are the same.
 

1. What is the Big Bang theory and how does it explain the origins of the universe?

The Big Bang theory is the leading scientific explanation for the origins of the universe. It states that the universe began as a singularity, a point of infinite density and temperature, approximately 13.8 billion years ago. As the singularity expanded, it cooled and eventually formed the first particles and atoms. This expansion and cooling continue to this day, resulting in the vast and diverse universe we see today.

2. What evidence supports the Big Bang theory?

There are several lines of evidence that support the Big Bang theory. One of the most compelling is the observation of cosmic microwave background radiation, a remnant of the hot, dense early universe. Other evidence includes the abundance of light elements, the expansion of the universe, and the large-scale structure of galaxies and clusters. The Big Bang theory also accurately predicts the observed ratio of hydrogen to helium in the universe.

3. What is inflationary theory and how does it relate to the Big Bang?

Inflationary theory is a modification of the Big Bang theory that proposes a rapid period of exponential expansion in the early universe. This expansion would have smoothed out the irregularities in the universe and created the initial conditions for the Big Bang. Inflationary theory also helps to explain why the universe appears to be flat and why the cosmic microwave background radiation is so uniform.

4. What is the role of energy in the origins of the universe?

Energy plays a crucial role in the origins of the universe. In the Big Bang theory, the universe began with a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and radiation. As the universe expanded and cooled, this energy was converted into matter and the four fundamental forces of nature: gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Inflationary theory also relies on a brief period of intense energy to drive the rapid expansion of the universe.

5. Are there any alternative theories to the Big Bang?

Yes, there are alternative theories to the Big Bang, such as the steady-state theory and the oscillating universe theory. However, these theories have been largely disproven by scientific evidence, and the Big Bang remains the most widely accepted explanation for the origins of the universe. Some scientists are also exploring variations and modifications to the Big Bang theory, such as the cyclic universe model and the ekpyrotic universe theory.

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