Reflection is the process by which a wave, such as light or sound, bounces off a surface and changes direction. This can occur when the wave encounters a material with a different density or index of refraction, causing it to change speed and direction.
Losses in reflection occur when a portion of the wave's energy is absorbed by the reflecting surface. This can happen due to the surface's material properties, such as its density and composition, or due to imperfections on the surface that scatter the incoming wave.
The losses in reflection will decrease the intensity of the reflected wave, as some of the wave's energy is absorbed and not reflected back. This can be observed through a decrease in the brightness of the reflected light or a decrease in the amplitude of the reflected sound wave.
Refraction is the process by which a wave changes direction and speed as it passes from one medium to another. This occurs due to the change in the wave's speed, caused by the change in the medium's density or index of refraction.
Losses in refraction can cause the refracted wave to deviate from its expected path. This can happen when the medium through which the wave is passing has a non-uniform index of refraction or when there are imperfections or obstructions in the medium that scatter the wave, causing it to change direction.