The exact mechanism behind high-temperature superconductors is still not fully understood. However, it is believed that it involves the interaction between electrons and the lattice structure of the material, leading to the formation of Cooper pairs which allow for the flow of electricity with zero resistance.
High-temperature superconductors have a significantly higher critical temperature (the temperature at which they exhibit superconductivity) compared to traditional superconductors. Traditional superconductors require extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero, while high-temperature superconductors can exhibit superconductivity at temperatures above 77K (-196°C).
The complexity of the materials and the lack of a unified theory are the main challenges in understanding the mechanism of high-temperature superconductors. These materials have complex crystal structures and involve various types of interactions between electrons and the lattice, making it difficult to pinpoint a single mechanism. Additionally, there is currently no comprehensive theory that can explain the behavior of all high-temperature superconductors.
Yes, high-temperature superconductors have already been used in various practical applications such as MRI machines, particle accelerators, and power transmission cables. However, further research is needed to improve their performance and make them more cost-effective for widespread use.
High pressures can significantly increase the critical temperature of high-temperature superconductors, leading to even higher superconducting properties. This is because pressure can affect the lattice structure of the material, influencing the interactions between electrons and the lattice and potentially stabilizing the superconducting phase at higher temperatures.