Diabetes is a chronic disease that affects how your body processes glucose, also known as blood sugar. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 and type 2. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to its effects.
Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas, which helps regulate blood sugar levels. It has the opposite effect of insulin, as it raises blood sugar levels by signaling the liver to release stored glucose into the bloodstream. In people with diabetes, there may be an imbalance between insulin and glucagon, leading to high blood sugar levels.
In people with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, so the body may rely on glucagon to raise blood sugar levels. In type 2 diabetes, the body may become resistant to the effects of insulin, causing the pancreas to produce more glucagon. Additionally, certain medications used to treat diabetes may also increase glucagon levels.
High glucagon levels can lead to hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar levels. This can cause symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. If left untreated, high blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.
Managing diabetes through a combination of lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet and regular exercise, and medication can help control glucagon levels. Insulin therapy and certain diabetes medications can also help to regulate glucagon levels and maintain stable blood sugar levels. It is important for people with diabetes to work closely with their healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs.