What is the cause of our inner voice?

[pinestone]

When one thinks to ones self, ie. trying to resolve an issue or problem alone- what is the origin of our "inner voice"?

 

[hypnagogue]

Can you be more specific? What aspect of inner speech are you trying to understand-- the cognitive component (where the informational content of inner speech comes from), the experiential component (why thinking to one's self should involve an auditory experience), or what?

 

[pinestone]

Can you be more specific? What aspect of inner speech are you trying to understand-- the cognitive component (where the informational content of inner speech comes from), the experiential component (why thinking to one's self should involve an auditory experience), or what?

How can we hear our "inner voice" without the mechanism of our ear? Are these "sound bytes" stored in our brain, only to be "re-played" by our conscience?

 

[hypnagogue]

A very simple, quick and dirty explanation would go like this: the physical mechanism most closely tied to our experience of hearing is not the ears, but rather, certain regions of the brain's temporal cortex. Various kinds of neural activations in various regions of temporal cortex are correlated with various kinds of auditory experiences. The function of the ears is to serve as a sophisticated kind of input device to these regions, not to actually generate the auditory experience itself.

Imaging studies have shown that similar regions of the temporal cortex are activated when one is listening to sounds in the environment and when one is conducting inner speech. So for inner speech, there are some neural mechanisms that activate certain parts of the temporal cortex internally, and this is why inner speech is experienced as auditory.

You may be interested to follow an upcoming presentation in this forum's journal club. The topic of this presentation is "Neural Activity in Speech-Sensitive Auditory Cortex" and it will begin this Saturday. Here's a link.

 

[Mk]

the physical mechanism most closely tied to our experience of hearing is not the ears, but rather, certain regions of the brain's temporal cortex. Various kinds of neural activations in various regions of temporal cortex are correlated with various kinds of auditory experiences. The function of the ears is to serve as a sophisticated kind of input device to these regions, not to actually generate the auditory experience itself.

Ahh, so this is why some people "hear voices." What about like in books or when you imagine a situation, "painting a picture in your mind." Same thing going on there? Hallucinations? You're smart Hypnagogue.

 

[zoobyshoe]

I don't ever "hear" my interior monolog in any auditory way. There is never anything like the experience of "hearing" an externally generated sound involved.

 

[Q_Goest]

I don't ever "hear" my interior monolog in any auditory way. There is never anything like the experience of "hearing" an externally generated sound involved.

Hey Zoobyshoe, that strikes me as a bit odd. I started wondering about this recently in fact. For the most part, I'm always thinking in words, in fact it's tough to shut them off. If I'm watching TV or being entertained I don't generally have that 'inner voice' going on, but if I'm not being entertained in some way, I'm generally thinking in words - talking to myself so to speak. When I read for example, I'm thinking the words as if I'm saying them to myself. I wonder how common that is.

 

[CosminaPrisma]

I think that phenomena is pretty common. I experience it all the time.

 

[pinestone]

Hey Zoobyshoe, that strikes me as a bit odd. I started wondering about this recently in fact. For the most part, I'm always thinking in words, in fact it's tough to shut them off. If I'm watching TV or being entertained I don't generally have that 'inner voice' going on, but if I'm not being entertained in some way, I'm generally thinking in words - talking to myself so to speak. When I read for example, I'm thinking the words as if I'm saying them to myself. I wonder how common that is.

This activity is exactly why I started my thread. I have plenty of "quiet time" while I pour over my notes and experimental data. I just thought it was interesting that I could hear my voice without uttering a sound. We use our voice to communicate with others-could we ever develop our "inner voice" to do the same? Have you ever thought about someone and within an instant, the phone rings- with that person calling? It's especially weird if you haven't talked to that person for a long time...

 

[zoobyshoe]

Hey Zoobyshoe, that strikes me as a bit odd. I started wondering about this recently in fact. For the most part, I'm always thinking in words, in fact it's tough to shut them off. If I'm watching TV or being entertained I don't generally have that 'inner voice' going on, but if I'm not being entertained in some way, I'm generally thinking in words - talking to myself so to speak. When I read for example, I'm thinking the words as if I'm saying them to myself. I wonder how common that is.

There's some confusion here, I'm sure. I definitely think in words. The experience I'm trying to separate that from is "sound". I "think" the words, but have no experience of "hearing" them as I think. It's all completely non-auditory. The experience of mentally saying something to myself is completely different than saying it out loud, and there is no way I could ever confuse the two, they're too different.

 

[CosminaPrisma]

Theres pretty strong evidence that telepathy isn't possible pinestone. Although it would be really cool if we could do that...I don't think we will ever be able to unless somebody makes a neural implant someday that can read our inner voice and transmit it to other people who can pick it up via their neural implant.
A decent book that talks about parapsychology research and is by a former parapsychology researcher is : Consciousness: An Introduction By Susan Blackmore, Chapter 20 on pg 288 talks about telepathy. The book itself is also pretty good.

 

[pinestone]

There's some confusion here, I'm sure. I definitely think in words. The experience I'm trying to separate that from is "sound"...

Yes, sound is not the correct word here. How about "auditory image". Does anyone know what this phenomenon is really called? Is this our thought process at work? And, I was just kidding about the telepathic stuff. We humans are so pre-occupied with education, entertainment and frustration, I doubt we could ever develop such abilities.

 

[zoobyshoe]

Yes, sound is not the correct word here. How about "auditory image". Does anyone know what this phenomenon is really called?

Thinking or the interior monolog. Sometimes the interior dialog when you're imagining a conversation with someone else.

I was surprised to read in hypnagogue's post that they'd found parts of the brain associated with sound processing activated during this. It bears almost no resemblance in my experience of it. It's verbal for me, having to do with language and words, but completely non-auditory: no hint of exterior sound, no connection to hearing or the ears.

I brought that up in response to MK's mention of auditory hallucinations, which are a whole different thing. People who experience those say it is indistinguishable from hearning another person talk it's so vivid and apparently connected to the ears, although the location of the source of the voices often appears to be in the head or ears themselves. However, they all maintain there is a distinct and clear difference between such things and their own thoughts or interior monolog.

 

[selfAdjoint]

brought that up in response to MK's mention of auditory hallucinations, which are a whole different thing. People who experience those say it is indistinguishable from hearning another person talk it's so vivid and apparently connected to the ears, although the location of the source of the voices often appears to be in the head or ears themselves. However, they all maintain there is a distinct and clear difference between such things and their own thoughts or interior monolog.

Yes, I had this exact experience just once in my life, in 1968. It was an astounding experience.

 

[zoobyshoe]

Yes, I had this exact experience just once in my life, in 1968. It was an astounding experience.

I've never had it myself, but imagine it would be astounding.

This is the sort of thing where I'd expect them to see the hearing parts of the temporal lobes activated, not from mere thinking. That still confuses me.

 

[CosminaPrisma]

Would the perception of the voices being not our own come from inactivity or activity within the temporal lobes? I thought our "sense of self" sort of came from there from what research points to in articles that I've read...
The voice that's in my head that is supposed to be me, sounds nothing like the way I sound on a videotape or tape recorded, yet I know its my voice. Sometimes the voice talks to me like I'm another person like "You shouldn't have done that!" or "They probably didn't mean to make you feel that way" in my internal dialogue. In a situation like that I know all the dialogue is originating from within me. When I'm in a hypnagogic state a lot of times I have auditory hallucinations where I think I hear things like people talking or a door slam that didn't actually happen...or I think that the dream I had was real...its all internally generated but somehow I think that it WASN'T me for the time that I'm in that state.
So let me rephrase that...what in our brains allows us to distinguish that the internal dialogue that we have in our brains is indeed ours and not something akin to a hallucination? Schizophrenics and people with Multiple Personality Disorder attribute different interpretations upon the auditory hallucinations that they experience...does anybody know what causes that in them that differs from what the mainstream experiences?

 

[zoobyshoe]

I don't know. A few years ago I went to a lecture by a PhD candidate who was studying the origins of auditory hallucinations. She was doing pet scans on mentally ill volunteers with chronic conditions to see if there were correlations. She found all kinds of different areas lighting up from patient to patient. The only common denominator was the thalamus, so she felt that was the point of origin.

I doubt that's a reasonable conclusion, though, because the thalamus is a kind of grand central station for sensory imput into the brain and you'd expect it to always be quite active.

As far as "sense of self" being in the temporal lobes, I'm sure it depends on how you define "sense of self". I've never happened to come across anyone defining that and ascribing a brain location to it.

 

[hypnagogue]

zoob, to say that the experience of inner speech is auditory doesn't imply that it should sound like, or be confused with, an external sound that is detected by the ears.

I'd say that my experience of my own inner speech is much more ephemeral and somehow insubstantial, and much less vivid, than my experience of e.g. my own voice when I'm actually speaking. But for me it is still unambiguously auditory; it definitely belongs in the family of "auditory experience," differing from the experience of externally generated sounds only along metrics like intensity and maybe perceived reality and things of that nature.

To call it "verbal" or something like that I think misses the point, because we can have the same sort of experiences with non-verbal, internally generated/imagined sounds. For instance, you can have the same sort of auditory experience you have with inner speech by mentally playing a song in your head. You likely will not experience this 'inner song' as if it's being played on a radio, and you won't confuse it for some external sound source, but it still is pretty clearly auditory.

And of course there is a clear analog to the internal auditory experience with the internal visual experience. I can visualize, say, a familiar face in my head. I won't think I'm actually looking at the person or anything like that, and the experience will seem rather ephemeral and insubstantial in ways that are hard to pin down in words when compared to my experience of actually looking at the person's face. But I think the experience is still pretty clearly visual in the most basic senses; it definitely exists in the sensory modality of vision, having elements of perceived color and form. Likewise for imagined sounds or inner speech, in which the experience clearly has elements of pitch, timbre, etc.

 

[zoobyshoe]

zoob, to say that the experience of inner speech is auditory doesn't imply that it should sound like, or be confused with, an external sound that is detected by the ears.

"auditory: of, relating to, or experienced through, hearing"
You might argue that thoughts are related to hearing since we acquire speech through that sense, but it seems clear to me that it becomes a separate, unrelated activity. A person who goes deaf can still think in words. To say a person "hears" their interior monolog is really just a choice of words. I have always characterized it as "being conscious of" my thoughts. There is something very non-auditory about the means by which I sense this activity.

I'd say that my experience of my own inner speech is much more ephemeral and somehow insubstantial, and much less vivid, than my experience of e.g. my own voice when I'm actually speaking. But for me it is still unambiguously auditory; it definitely belongs in the family of "auditory experience," differing from the experience of externally generated sounds only along metrics like intensity and maybe perceived reality and things of that nature.

While the details of the experience you describe fit with what I experience: ephemeral, insubstantial, less vivid, leading me to suppose we experience pretty much the same thing, I can't get to your "unambiguously auditory" conclusion. Again, I'd have to describe my experience of this as a "consciousness" of the thoughts that isn't sense specific. I'm not employing a sense to percieve them.

To call it "verbal" or something like that I think misses the point, because we can have the same sort of experiences with non-verbal, internally generated/imagined sounds.

I called it verbal to make it understood it involved words, grammar, language, and wasn't some kind of sub-lingual or pre-lingual, amorphous experience.

For instance, you can have the same sort of auditory experience you have with inner speech by mentally playing a song in your head. You likely will not experience this 'inner song' as if it's being played on a radio, and you won't confuse it for some external sound source, but it still is pretty clearly auditory.

And of course there is a clear analog to the internal auditory experience with the internal visual experience. I can visualize, say, a familiar face in my head. I won't think I'm actually looking at the person or anything like that, and the experience will seem rather ephemeral and insubstantial in ways that are hard to pin down in words when compared to my experience of actually looking at the person's face. But I think the experience is still pretty clearly visual in the most basic senses; it definitely exists in the sensory modality of vision, having elements of perceived color and form. Likewise for imagined sounds or inner speech, in which the experience clearly has elements of pitch, timbre, etc.

All the senses can be modeled in the mind, yes, but I wouldn't call imagining someone's face a visual experience, or imagining the feel of warm sand on the beach a tactile experience. I am not employing those senses to percieve these mental models. It is a radically different kind of perception, and lost for better, all I can say is I'm "conscious" of them.

 

[CosminaPrisma]

One of my psychology professors said that consciousness originated in the temporal and frontal lobes. I don't think that's completely just his theory...I know a little bit about brain anatomy, but I forgot a lot of what I learned since the course I took on in was almost 4 years ago. The "sense of self" definitely has different degrees. Theres a sense of self for the boundaries of our body, a sense of self when regarding the emotions of others etc...
From what you say Zooby (from the earlier post), I'd wonder if the thalamus was really the point of origin too...I would say its part of the chain of activity involved in the problem, but not the origination point.

 

[zoobyshoe]

We had a major thread about the location of consciousness a while back. Hypnagogue or I could dig it up for you if you're interested. Quite a lot of reading, with links.

The thalamo-cortical complex is recognised as being extremely important to consciousness, yes. The thalamus seems to be the organ activating the operative parts of the cortex when we're conscious (i.e. not in a coma). That still adds up to not exactly being able to put a location on consciousness, though.

The more specific you are about what aspect of "sense of self" you're interested in, then, yeah, the more specific a location someone might point to as important.

 

[CosminaPrisma]

Is it the thread on the book " A Place for Consciousness"? I think that they read that over in the philosophy forum. Or a general consciousness thread?

 

[CosminaPrisma]

I think I found the thread "What Part of the Brain is Conscious" Its a loooong thread. :)

 

[hypnagogue]

All the senses can be modeled in the mind, yes, but I wouldn't call imagining someone's face a visual experience, or imagining the feel of warm sand on the beach a tactile experience. I am not employing those senses to percieve these mental models. It is a radically different kind of perception, and lost for better, all I can say is I'm "conscious" of them.

Well, this is the key point: do we perceive mental imagery by means of sensory qualities? I wouldn't necessarily go so far as to say that all mental phenomena are perceived exclusively through sensory qualities (there is a largely non-sensory component to experience that I suppose one could lump in under the term "emotion" or some related term, which in addition to typical emotions like anger and sadness would include more fringey experiences like familiarity or the so-called feeling of knowing). But for inner speech, visualization and so on, it seems clear to me that there is a sensory component.

When I say that there is a sensory component, I just mean that the mental imagery in question is subjectively experienced by means of experiential qualities that characterize the various sensory modalities. In vision, these are qualities like color, hue, saturation and brightness. In audition, these are qualities like pitch, timbre, and loudness.

I submit that my inner speech is at least partially an auditory experience, because I can alter it along the qualitative dimensions of auditory experience. I can say "Hello, my name is hypnagogue" in my normal, default inner voice (which I discern to bear some resemblance to how my actual voice sounds when I speak). I can rehearse that same sentence in my inner speech with a higher pitch, as if I just inhaled some helium, and I can also change its timbre and other qualities so it sounds more gruff or smooth or robotic or whatever. On the other hand, it would make no sense to me if I were asked to try to experience the inner speech of that sentence in a different color, for instance (though maybe it would if I were a synesthete!).

Likewise for visual imagery: I can vary my visual imagery along dimensions that are constitutive of normal, externally oriented visual experience. For instance, I can visualize a purple stop sign instead of a red one.

 

[zoobyshoe]

I think I found the thread "What Part of the Brain is Conscious" Its a loooong thread. :)

That's the one. I was hesitant to recommend it. Maybe you could read it in installments over the next couple years or so.

 

[zoobyshoe]

it seems clear to me that there is a sensory component.

When I say that there is a sensory component, I just mean that the mental imagery in question is subjectively experienced by means of experiential qualities that characterize the various sensory modalities. In vision, these are qualities like color, hue, saturation and brightness. In audition, these are qualities like pitch, timbre, and loudness.

Although there's an undeniable mental analog to those qualities when we imagine, are those mental analogs properly called "sensory components"?
I don't think so because we aren't employing any senses in percieving them. Again, all I can say is that we're "conscious" of them with no physiological sense mechanisms involved. The mental models of color, pitch etc. symbolize sense experience without also being sensory experiences. They follow sensory logic in that we can't accurately substitute color for sound in our mind (under normal circumstances) yet they remain analogs, a separate kind of experience.

I think there is an implicit precident in neurological and psychiatric jargon that interior "mental" experiences aren't referred to in sensory terms, only hallucinatory experiences are. I have never seen any kind of thinking/thought process referred to as "auditory" in this literature.

 

[Ian]

As an aside, when I read silently to myself/discuss with myself, I hear my own inner voice so to speak. That is not what we strictly call 'hearing voices' as it is clearly self generated and controlled. But, when I dream during sleep I do not conciously generate or control this - is this hearing voices?
Is 'madness' (hearing of voices) permitted during sleep?

 

[zoobyshoe]

Is 'madness' (hearing of voices) permitted during sleep?

"Madness" is a non-technical, purely layman's term, that can be applied to everything from isolated irrational behavior to any kind of full blown mental illness.

"Hearing voices" is generally what a psychiatrist means when they speak of "auditory hallucinations" since the vast bulk of auditory hallucinations involve the hallucination of voices speaking to, or about, the sufferer.

Strangely enough, there are large numbers of people who hear voices who aren't driven to lose their ability to function in everyday life by it. At the same time their hallucinations are probably the result of a pathology which makes them, strictly speaking, "mentally ill" they don't behave in a "mad", "insane" or "crazy" fashion.

Although they offer no explanation psychiatrists recognise that most people have the experience of hearing their name called as they are about to drop off to sleep, at some point during their lives, some more often than others. This is not considered any kind of mental illness and they won't treat a person for this: it happens to too large a portion of the general population who are otherwise mentally stable.

As far as "hearing" the voices of people in your dreams, dreams, of course, are considered perfectly normal and "permitted", yes.

 

[Ian]

zoobyshoe,
If Dr Baddour only saw zoobies, were you always on the zoobies foot?
Sorry, I always read the small print and couldn't resist.

 

[zoobyshoe]

zoobyshoe,
If Dr Baddour only saw zoobies, were you always on the zoobies foot?
Sorry, I always read the small print and couldn't resist.

Everything I know about Dr. Baddour's experience is contained in the linked report, so, unfortunately, I'm not able to enlighten you in any greater detail.

 

[PIT2]

Here is a funny thing to try:

One way to save time, the authors suggest, is to read more quickly. To do that they firstly suggest reading without using your inner voice.

"When we first learned to read we were encouraged to speak the words aloud so that our teacher could check that we'd got each one right before we moved on. As we mature, we internalise that voice, so we still hear it in our heads. But this inner voice is not necessary in our reading; in fact it reduces our reading speed to around talking speed..."
http://www.mindhacks.com/blog/2006/03/can_you_read_without.html

I tried it but its very hard.

 

[TheStatutoryApe]

Does anyone here have the tendency to 'think' in another fashion other than words very regularly? I've heard of people whose thoughts are predominantly mathematical. I'm sure that musicians probably tend to think in other sound terms that speech when they are playing or composing but how often do they think of other things in such terms? Do they 'hear' music in correspondance with emotions and certain sorts of thoughts?

 

[Mk]

Here is a funny thing to try:

...

I tried it but its very hard.

I've never thought about it before, the connection with the "inner voice" to reading speed. When I read— sometimes I go into overdrive, its funny. I read so fast, that my inner voice does not have time to say it. Sometimes, I find it lagging behind, like its going at 10 mph, while my reading speed is going at 15 mph. Sometimes I read without my inner voice.