Understanding and Expanding the 2nd Chebyshev Function: Calculation Help

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In summary, the Chebyshev function, also known as the Tchebychev function, is a mathematical function that counts the number of integers between 1 and x that are relatively prime to x. It has several important properties and is closely related to the prime number theorem. It is used in various applications in number theory and has several alternative definitions, but the most commonly used definition is the number of relatively prime integers.
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camilus
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I'm a bit confused as to how to calculate the 2nd chebyshev function.

I know [tex]\psi (x) = \sum_{p^k \le x} \ln p[/tex]

but can someone show me how to expand it? Like, do I use for 2^k, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32... for all the [tex]p^k \le x[/tex], same with 3, and 4 and so on?

MW gives the example:

[tex]\psi (10) = \ln (2520) = 3\ln2+2\ln3+\ln5+\ln7[/tex]

how would say, [tex]\psi (30)[/tex] be written?
 
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[tex]\spi(30)[/tex]
Let's see...
[tex]2,4,8,16 < 30[/tex]
[tex]3,9,27 < 30[/tex]
[tex]5,25 < 30[/tex]
[tex]7 < 30[/tex]
[tex]11 < 30[/tex]
[tex]13 < 30[/tex]
[tex]17 < 30[/tex]
[tex]19 < 30[/tex]
[tex]23 < 30[/tex]
[tex]29 < 30[/tex]
so ... [tex]\psi(30) = 4\log 2 + 3\log 3 + 2\log 5 + \log 7 + \log 11 + \log 13 + \log 17 + \log 19 + \log 23 + \log 29[/tex]
 

1. What is the Chebyshev function?

The Chebyshev function, also known as the Tchebychev function, is a mathematical function named after Russian mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev. It is defined as the number of integers between 1 and x that are relatively prime to x. In other words, it counts the number of positive integers less than or equal to x that are not divisible by any prime number less than or equal to x. This function is denoted by Φ(x) or Ψ(x), depending on the context.

2. What are the properties of the Chebyshev function?

The Chebyshev function has several important properties, including:

  • It is an arithmetic function, meaning it maps integers to integers.
  • It is a multiplicative function, meaning that for relatively prime integers m and n, we have Φ(mn) = Φ(m)Φ(n).
  • It is a completely multiplicative function, meaning that for any positive integers m and n, we have Φ(mn) = Φ(m)Φ(n).
  • It is an even function, meaning that Φ(-x) = Φ(x) for all values of x.
  • It is a periodic function with period 2, meaning that Φ(x+2) = Φ(x) for all values of x.

3. How is the Chebyshev function related to the prime number theorem?

The prime number theorem is a fundamental theorem in number theory that gives an asymptotic approximation for the number of prime numbers less than a given number x. It is closely related to the Chebyshev function, as the prime number theorem can be expressed in terms of the Chebyshev function as follows:

As x approaches infinity, the ratio of Φ(x) to x/log(x) approaches 1. In other words, the value of Φ(x) is approximately equal to x/log(x) for large values of x. This relationship is known as the Chebyshev prime number theorem.

4. How is the Chebyshev function used in number theory?

The Chebyshev function has many applications in number theory, including:

  • It is used in the prime number theorem and other theorems related to the distribution of prime numbers.
  • It is used in the study of twin primes and other types of prime number patterns.
  • It is used in the proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions.
  • It is used in the analysis of Diophantine equations and other problems in number theory.

5. Are there any alternative definitions of the Chebyshev function?

Yes, there are several alternative definitions of the Chebyshev function, including:

  • The first Chebyshev function, denoted by Ψ(x), is defined as the sum of the logarithms of all prime numbers less than or equal to x.
  • The second Chebyshev function, denoted by Φ2(x), is defined as the sum of the reciprocals of all prime numbers less than or equal to x.
  • The third Chebyshev function, denoted by Φ3(x), is defined as the sum of the squares of the reciprocals of all prime numbers less than or equal to x.
  • The fourth Chebyshev function, denoted by Φ4(x), is defined as the sum of the cubes of the reciprocals of all prime numbers less than or equal to x.

These alternative definitions are useful in certain applications, but the first definition (number of relatively prime integers) is the most commonly used definition of the Chebyshev function.

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