Capacitance is the ability of a system to store electric charge when a potential difference is applied. It is measured in Farads (F) and is represented by the symbol C.
The capacitance increases when dielectric spheres are placed between parallel plates. This is because the dielectric material has a higher permittivity than air, which allows for more charge to be stored on the plates.
The capacitance is directly proportional to the surface area of the plates and the permittivity of the dielectric material, and inversely proportional to the distance between the plates. As the distance between the plates decreases or the size of the spheres increases, the capacitance increases.
The formula is C = (ε * A)/d, where C is the capacitance, ε is the permittivity of the dielectric material, A is the surface area of the plates, and d is the distance between the plates.
The capacitance can be increased by using a dielectric material with a higher permittivity, decreasing the distance between the plates, or increasing the surface area of the plates. Additionally, multiple layers of dielectric spheres can be added between the plates to further increase the capacitance.