Refraction is the bending of light as it passes through a medium with a different density, such as air and water. This occurs because light travels at different speeds in different mediums, causing it to change direction.
To conduct a refraction experiment, you will need a light source, a transparent medium (such as glass or water), and an object to observe the refraction (such as a pencil or straw).
The law of refraction, also known as Snell's law, states that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is equal to the ratio of the speeds of light in the two mediums.
Refraction can be measured and quantified by using a protractor to measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction, and then using Snell's law to calculate the refractive index of the medium.
Refraction has many real-world applications, including the formation of rainbows, the correction of vision through eyeglasses, and the functioning of lenses in cameras and telescopes.