Isomerization is a chemical process in which a molecule is transformed into another molecule with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
Dimethyl maleate is isomerized to dimethyl fumarate because the latter is more stable and has a lower energy state. This transformation also allows for the formation of a more desirable product for certain applications.
The isomerization of dimethyl maleate to dimethyl fumarate typically requires heat and the presence of a catalyst, such as an acid or a metal ion.
Dimethyl fumarate has several potential uses, including as an intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, as a flavoring agent in food and beverages, and as a component in polymer materials.
Isomerization allows for the production of a more stable and desirable molecule, as well as potentially increasing the yield of the desired product. It also allows for the conversion of a less useful or unwanted molecule into a more useful one.