Particle slides down sphere

In summary, a particle on a fixed sphere of radius a is given a nudge and starts sliding down the frictionless surface. The goal is to calculate the angular velocity, \omega, in terms of theta using the conservation of energy principle. The incorrect attempt at a solution involves using the total energy equation of Etot = 1/2*m*(\omega)^2 - m*g*\theta. However, the correct approach is to first write the total energy in terms of linear speed and height, and then translate it into angular terms by considering the relationship between linear and angular speed, as well as the angle between the particle and the surface of the sphere.
  • #1
James01
2
0

Homework Statement



A particle sits at the top of a fixed sphere of radius a. The particle is given a tiny nudge so that it begins to slide down the frictionless surface of the sphere. Consider the point at which the particle is still in contact with the sphere and its position is indicated by the value of the angle [tex]\theta[/tex].

Use the conservation of energy principle to calculate the angular velocity, [tex]\omega[/tex], as a function of theta.



Homework Equations



Etotal = Ek + Ep



The Attempt at a Solution



Etot = 1/2*m*([tex]\omega[/tex])^2 -m*g*[tex]\theta[/tex]

[tex]\omega[/tex] = (2*g*[tex]\theta[/tex])^1/2


Please can anyone verify if I have completed this part correctly?
 
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  • #2
James01 said:
Etot = 1/2*m*([tex]\omega[/tex])^2 -m*g*[tex]\theta[/tex]
This is incorrect. Instead, write the total energy in terms of the usual variables of speed and height and then translate that into angular terms. (For a given linear speed, what's the angular speed? For a given height along the sphere, what angle does it make?)
 
  • #3


Your solution looks correct so far. However, it would be helpful to provide more context and information about the problem, such as the mass of the particle and the point at which you are trying to calculate the angular velocity. Also, it may be helpful to explain your thought process and how you arrived at your solution. Additionally, it is always a good idea to double check your units and make sure they are consistent throughout your calculations.
 

1. What is the physical phenomenon behind a particle sliding down a sphere?

The physical phenomenon behind a particle sliding down a sphere is known as centripetal force. This force is caused by the sphere's curvature, which constantly changes the direction of the particle's velocity, keeping it in a circular path.

2. How does the mass of the particle affect its velocity while sliding down a sphere?

The mass of the particle does not affect its velocity while sliding down a sphere. This is because, according to Newton's Second Law of Motion, the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied on it, and inversely proportional to its mass. As the centripetal force remains constant, the mass of the particle does not have an impact on its velocity.

3. Why does the particle not fall off the sphere while sliding down?

The particle does not fall off the sphere while sliding down because of the centripetal force acting on it. This force is always directed towards the center of the sphere, keeping the particle in a circular motion and preventing it from falling off.

4. Is there a relationship between the radius of the sphere and the speed of the particle?

Yes, there is a relationship between the radius of the sphere and the speed of the particle. According to the formula for centripetal force, the speed of the particle is directly proportional to the square root of the radius of the sphere. This means that as the radius increases, the speed of the particle also increases.

5. What other factors can affect the motion of a particle sliding down a sphere?

The motion of a particle sliding down a sphere can also be affected by external forces such as friction and air resistance. These forces can either increase or decrease the speed of the particle, and may also cause it to deviate from its circular path.

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