Some objects reflect light because they have smooth and shiny surfaces that allow light to bounce off of them. This reflection is known as specular reflection and it occurs when the angle of incidence (the angle at which the light hits the surface) is equal to the angle of reflection (the angle at which the light bounces off the surface).
Objects reflect light through a process called absorption and re-emission. When light hits an object, some of it is absorbed by the object's atoms and molecules. These particles then re-emit the absorbed light in all directions, including back towards our eyes, allowing us to see the object.
Some objects let light pass through them because they have transparent or translucent properties. Transparent objects allow all light to pass through them, while translucent objects only allow some light to pass through. This is due to the arrangement of atoms and molecules within the object, allowing light to pass through without being absorbed or reflected.
Objects let light pass through them through a process called transmission. This occurs when light travels through a material without being absorbed or reflected. The atoms and molecules within the object are arranged in a way that allows light to pass through without interacting with them.
Some objects absorb light because of their physical properties. Objects that are dark in color tend to absorb more light than objects that are light in color. This is because darker colors have a higher concentration of pigments that absorb light, while lighter colors tend to reflect more light. Additionally, the material of an object can also affect how much light it absorbs, with some materials being more opaque and absorbing more light than others.