Neutron Stars vs Atoms: A Comparison

In summary, a neutron star is composed of other things besides neutrons and the density of a neutron star is much greater than the densities of other types of matter. The size of the atomic system within a neutron star is compressed due to the high pressure near the core, making it difficult to determine what type of matter is contained in the core. Additionally, the idea that 99.99% of everything is empty space is a misconception as fundamental particles are considered to be point-like, but still interact with each other over a measurable distance. However, one could argue that the space within an atom is not entirely empty as it is filled with fields that are responsible for the interactions between particles.
  • #1
ilikescience94
52
0
So how much denser than is a neutron star than an atom? Is it called a neutron star because electron's orbital effect no longer exists/acts the same, so as to no longer cause 99.99% of everything to be space?
 
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  • #2
A neutron star is composed of other things besides neutrons. The crust may still contain some chemically recognizable elements, while no one is certain what type of matter is contained in the core.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_star

The second paragraph discusses the density of neutron stars versus the densities of other types of matter.
 
  • #3
Wow denser than the nucleus of an atom, would that make it so that the strong nuclear force has a detectable field on a macroscopic sense outside of the neutron star?
 
  • #4
ilikescience94 said:
Wow denser than the nucleus of an atom, would that make it so that the strong nuclear force has a detectable field on a macroscopic sense outside of the neutron star?

Nope.

Is it called a neutron star because electron's orbital effect no longer exists/acts the same, so as to no longer cause 99.99% of everything to be space?

It's called a neutron star because a great portion of the star is believed to be composed of neutrons. There should also be a mix of protons and electrons as well, with a greater proportion of neutrons to other particles as you get closer to the core. (Because the pressure is higher near the core, which makes it more favorable for protons to combine with electrons and form neutrons)

Also, it is a misconception to say that 99.99% of everything is empty space. Fundamental particles are thought of as point-like, meaning they have no dimensions. Yet atoms still have "sizes" based on how the electrons occupy their states around the nucleus. It's actually kind of complicated, and you'd have to look into Quantum Mechanics a bit to understand it.
 
  • #5
Great explanation, drakkith, aside from being incorrect.
 
  • #6
Chronos said:
Great explanation, drakkith, aside from being incorrect.

Care to elaborate?
 
  • #9
Drakkith said:
Nope.



It's called a neutron star because a great portion of the star is believed to be composed of neutrons. There should also be a mix of protons and electrons as well, with a greater proportion of neutrons to other particles as you get closer to the core. (Because the pressure is higher near the core, which makes it more favorable for protons to combine with electrons and form neutrons)

Also, it is a misconception to say that 99.99% of everything is empty space. Fundamental particles are thought of as point-like, meaning they have no dimensions. Yet atoms still have "sizes" based on how the electrons occupy their states around the nucleus. It's actually kind of complicated, and you'd have to look into Quantum Mechanics a bit to understand it.

What part of quantum Mechanics, is it very easy explainable, or is there a paper i can read/ video I can watch to learn about it?
 
  • #10
I would say that you were incorrect in saying that it's a misconception to say that 99.99% of everything is empty space when you also said that the fundamental particles are point-like. They are point-like but interact with each other over a measurable distance, creating the "size" of the atomic system itself. The space within this system of interaction is almost entirely empty space.

That is why within a neutron star, we consider it to be made almost entirely out of neutrons because the matter is compressed so densely, that the space an atom occupies is compressed to the point where the atomic systems are essentially compacted together. At least in a neutron star, we can say with a fair amount of reasonable certainty, that it contains matter that is made up of far less than 99% of empty space.
 
  • #11
ViperSRT3g said:
I would say that you were incorrect in saying that it's a misconception to say that 99.99% of everything is empty space when you also said that the fundamental particles are point-like. They are point-like but interact with each other over a measurable distance, creating the "size" of the atomic system itself. The space within this system of interaction is almost entirely empty space.

That is why within a neutron star, we consider it to be made almost entirely out of neutrons because the matter is compressed so densely, that the space an atom occupies is compressed to the point where the atomic systems are essentially compacted together. At least in a neutron star, we can say with a fair amount of reasonable certainty, that it contains matter that is made up of far less than 99% of empty space.

The 4th grade science definition of matter is something that has mass and takes up space, so by taking up space does this mean the size of the atomic system, even though the atomic system itself isn't taking up space the same way as we think that a desk does?
 
  • #12
ilikescience94 said:
The 4th grade science definition of matter is something that has mass and takes up space, so by taking up space does this mean the size of the atomic system, even though the atomic system itself isn't taking up space the same way as we think that a desk does?

Correct, it is referring to the fact that atoms interact with each other at a distance, relative to the size of their atomic systems.
 
  • #13
ViperSRT3g said:
I would say that you were incorrect in saying that it's a misconception to say that 99.99% of everything is empty space when you also said that the fundamental particles are point-like. They are point-like but interact with each other over a measurable distance, creating the "size" of the atomic system itself. The space within this system of interaction is almost entirely empty space.

If fundamental particles are point-like, and if you believe that only particles are "physical" objects capable of taking up space, then 100% of everything is empty space. However if you consider that particles are believed to be "excitations" of fields then you could say that the space inside an atom is filled with these fields and is not empty.

ilikescience94 said:
The 4th grade science definition of matter is something that has mass and takes up space, so by taking up space does this mean the size of the atomic system, even though the atomic system itself isn't taking up space the same way as we think that a desk does?

Atoms are not actually a single size. The electrons occupy orbitals and have certain locations that they are most likely to be found. However, due to the wavelike nature of particles, there is a small chance that an electron can be found nearly anywhere in the universe. (Very, utterly, extremely small chance, but a chance nonetheless.) Protons and neutrons follow similar rules, but due to their much larger masses and the effect of the strong force the area where you are most likely to find them is much, much smaller than that of an electron. (Which is why a nucleus is so very tiny compared to the size of the electron orbitals)

That's why I said that the issue of empty space is complicated. Depending on how you look at it the atom could be 100% empty space or it could fill most of the universe at once.
 
  • #14
Drakkith said:
If fundamental particles are point-like, and if you believe that only particles are "physical" objects capable of taking up space, then 100% of everything is empty space. However if you consider that particles are believed to be "excitations" of fields then you could say that the space inside an atom is filled with these fields and is not empty.

Basic subatomic particles are most definitely not point-like aside from electrons. At the most, Protons and Neutrons have a somewhat easily measurable size, and do take up a physical space. It is this space, that most of the atom's matter is located. The atomic system itself though, extends for as far as the electrons orbitals reach because that is that atom's area of influence. It is this area that atoms normally interact with each other linking up to create molecules that comprise the rest of an object. This is why most matter is considered to be 99% empty space.
 
  • #15
Drakkith said:
Because the pressure is higher near the core, which makes it more favorable for protons to combine with electrons and form neutrons.

Strictly speaking, it's not pressure that makes it favorable, but availability of extremely energetic electrons.

When neutron star is being formed, electron "gas" becomes more and more degenerate, more and more of electrons move at relativistic velocities, and reach enough energy for p + e -> n + nu reaction. Conversely, normally unstable neutrons cannot decay, since there is no quantum-mechanical "space" for resulting not-energetic-enough electron.
 

1. What is the difference between a neutron star and an atom?

A neutron star is a highly dense and compact object that is formed from the core of a massive star after it undergoes a supernova explosion. It is composed mostly of neutrons and has a diameter of about 10-20 kilometers. On the other hand, an atom is the basic unit of matter that is composed of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. It has a diameter of about 0.1 nanometers.

2. How are neutron stars and atoms formed?

Neutron stars are formed when a massive star runs out of nuclear fuel and collapses under its own gravity. The intense pressure and heat cause the protons and electrons to combine and form neutrons, resulting in a highly dense neutron star. Atoms are formed through a process called nucleosynthesis, where protons and neutrons combine to form nuclei, and electrons are attracted to the nuclei, creating atoms.

3. Which one is more massive, a neutron star or an atom?

A neutron star is much more massive than an atom. While the mass of an atom is measured in atomic mass units (amu), which is about 1.67 x 10^-27 kilograms, the mass of a neutron star is measured in solar masses, which is about 2 x 10^30 kilograms. This means that a neutron star is about a billion trillion times more massive than an atom.

4. What is the main difference in the structure of neutron stars and atoms?

The main difference in the structure of neutron stars and atoms is the density. Neutron stars have an incredibly high density, with some having a density of about 10^17 kg/m^3. In comparison, the density of an atom is much lower, with the electrons occupying most of the space within an atom's volume. Additionally, neutron stars have a uniform and homogenous structure, while atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electron shells.

5. Can neutron stars and atoms be found on Earth?

Atoms can be found everywhere on Earth, as they are the building blocks of all matter. However, neutron stars are not found on Earth as they only exist in extreme conditions in outer space. The closest neutron star to Earth is around 400 light-years away, making them impossible to observe with the naked eye.

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