Will a Copper Ingot Float in a 3.4 T MRI Machine?

In summary, a thick piece of pure copper placed in the bore of an MRI machine will not float or resist when force is applied. This is because copper is not a magnetic material and the flux change in a uniform magnetic field is negligible. However, if the copper is rotated or moved in a non-uniform magnetic field, eddy currents can be induced, causing resistance to motion.
  • #1
Milarepa108
3
0
Hey there,

inspired by this exhibit in the SF exploratorium, I was discussing with my colleague what might happen if you put a thick piece of pure copper (say, a 5kg ingot) in the bore of a 3.4 T MRI machine. (What about 7T?) We have the MRI machine, all we need is a big piece of copper...
Will it float? Will it resist when force is applied?


http://exs.exploratorium.edu/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/600-flo-300x225.jpg
 
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  • #2
Nothing would happen. Copper is not a magnetic material.
In fact, some parts of the actual MRI machine might be made from copper for that very reason (abnther reason being that it s good conductor of heat, which is usueful for cryogenic applications). The wire used to make the solenoid is definately partly copper (it is superconducting, but in a matrix of copper for cooling, structural integritiy and protection in case of a quench)

We have a 14T magnet where I work, and much of the "strucural" material (sample holders etc) are made from copper (the rest is made from non-magnetic stainless steel, brass and aluminium).

The only thing you need to watch out for when using non-magnetic metals is eddy currents.
 
  • #3
f95toli said:
Nothing would happen.
Or would it?

f95toli said:
Copper is not a magnetic material.
I'm aware of that.


f95toli said:
The only thing you need to watch out for when using non-magnetic metals is eddy currents.
And that's where it's getting interesting. Check out the link above. The Magnet between the slabs of copper can be suspended in mid air for a couple of second due to the eddy currents. I'm basically wondering if it also works the other way around: If you have a big magnet with a slab of copper instead of two big pieces of of copper and a smaller magnet, would you achieve a similar effect? You need a large chunk of copper (>4cm thickness) for it to work the classical way. But what's the math behind it?
 
  • #4
f95toli said:
We have a 14T magnet where I work, and much of the "strucural" material (sample holders etc) are made from copper (the rest is made from non-magnetic stainless steel, brass and aluminium).

OK so we all have huge magnetic fields, who has a big piece of copper to wield around?
 
  • #5
First thing which comes in mind is that depending on which speed the copper ingot is inserted in the magnetic field, it'd get hot due to inducted currents.
 
  • #6
Eddy currents are induced by changing flux, so you will induce eddy currents that will will produce resistance to motion when you try to rotate the conductor. It is not desirable to use a huge ingot of the type you picture--apart from being heavy and unwieldy, a cylinder will experience no eddy currents when rotated about its axis, since the flux enclosed by the conductor in a uniform field will be constant. Find an aluminum (it's light and easy to handle) disk, maybe 1 cm thick, instead. Put it into the field so that the field is normal to the plane of the disk, and rotate it around an axis perpendicular the field (like turning the vane in an air duct damper). You will feel resistance due to eddy currents and Lenz's law.

BTW, observe good safety practice when doing this experiment. Empty your pockets of metallic, and especially ferromagnetic, objects, remove your belt, etc., and don't approach a strong magnet if you have a pacemaker, metallic medical implants, aneurism clips, etc. Talk to the safety officer responsible for this magnet first.
 
  • #8
Thanks Borek, that's a perfect demonstration!
 
  • #9
To be precise, that's Al. Not that it matters.
 
  • #10
Milarepa108 said:
Hey there,

inspired by this exhibit in the SF exploratorium, I was discussing with my colleague what might happen if you put a thick piece of pure copper (say, a 5kg ingot) in the bore of a 3.4 T MRI machine. (What about 7T?) We have the MRI machine, all we need is a big piece of copper...
Will it float? Will it resist when force is applied?
When I give tours of our MRI systems I usually demonstrate this using an aluminum sign. You want something flat so that you can get big eddy current loops, so an ingot is not ideal. You can push it along the field lines quite easily, but making it twist is very slow.
 
  • #11
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=30oPZO_z7-4
If you hung onto the magnet in the above video and let the copper tube fall, it should be pretty much the same effect as the aluminium falling in Boreks vid.
So if you placed a big piece of copper into an MRI ,say in the centre of the machine it would probably float slowly to the base in a similar fashion.
 
  • #12
Buckleymanor, that's not wrong. A piece of copper in the center of a uniform field will not float, it will fall as though there were no magnet present. The key is that translating a metallic object through a uniform field (such as that in the center of the MRI magnet) results in no flux change and no eddy currents. Rotating a flat plate, however, results in a large flux change. That's what is demonstrated in Borek's video.
 

1. What is the role of copper ingot in MRI machines?

Copper ingots are used in MRI machines as a primary component of the radiofrequency coil, which is responsible for producing the magnetic field used to create images of the body. The copper ingot is responsible for conducting electricity and creating a stable magnetic field.

2. Why is copper chosen as the material for MRI machines?

Copper is a good choice for MRI machines because it has high electrical conductivity and is non-magnetic. This allows for precise control of the magnetic field and reduces interference in the images produced.

3. How does the copper ingot contribute to the safety of MRI machines?

Copper is a safe material to use in MRI machines because it is non-toxic and does not react with the body. It also has high heat resistance, which prevents the coil from overheating during the scanning process.

4. Can copper ingots be replaced with other materials in MRI machines?

While other materials can be used in MRI machines, copper ingots are the most commonly used due to their unique properties. Other materials may not have the same level of electrical conductivity or safety features.

5. Are there any risks associated with using copper ingots in MRI machines?

No, there are no known risks associated with using copper ingots in MRI machines. They are a safe and essential component of the machine and are rigorously tested for quality and safety before being used in medical settings.

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