Ionization and electrical charges

In summary, ionization occurs when an electron gains enough energy to overcome the potential barrier of its atom or tunnel through it. This can happen when it interacts with a particle, such as an alpha particle, that transfers kinetic energy to the electron. Different ionizing radiation particles with varying electric charges can affect the ionization process, as electrical fields can distort the potential barrier and increase the chances of electron escape. The exact mechanism of energy transfer in ionization is still not fully understood and may involve quantum mechanics and virtual particles. More information on ionization and ionizing radiation can be found on Wikipedia.
  • #1
Max Plankton
1
0
Hello,

So I assume, ionization occurs, when an electron has enough energy to either overcome the potential (Coulomb) barrier, or tunnel right through it (or can the overcoming of the barrier even be described as a 100% chance of tunneling?). If an alpha particle interacts with an atom, it conveys some of its kinetic energy to an electron, raising its energy level to a point where it is either capable of moving over the energy barrier of its atom or at least the difference between the barrier and the electrons' energy decreases and thus the chances of tunnel ionization increase.
However, that doesn't take into account that different ionizing radiation particles have different electric charges. Electrical fields can distort the potential barrier of an atom so that electrons are more likely to escape. So does the fact that those particles have different charges have any effect on the ionization process or don't they really matter?
Even if they don't, how exactly is the kinetic energy transfered? The particles are not really "bumping" into each other, it's quantum mechanics acting at this level, so are there some virtual photons or how does the ionization exactly work?
 
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  • #2

1. What is ionization?

Ionization is the process of adding or removing electrons from an atom or molecule, resulting in a charged particle called an ion.

2. How does ionization occur?

Ionization can occur through various methods, such as exposure to high temperatures, radiation, or electric fields. These processes provide enough energy to an atom or molecule to overcome the attraction of its electrons and result in the formation of ions.

3. What is an electrical charge?

An electrical charge is a fundamental property of matter, which can be either positive or negative. It is caused by an imbalance of protons and electrons in an atom or molecule.

4. What is the difference between positive and negative charges?

Positive charges are caused by an excess of protons, while negative charges are caused by an excess of electrons. These charges can attract or repel each other, depending on their polarity.

5. How do ions affect electrical conductivity?

Ions play a crucial role in electrical conductivity. In an electric field, ions can move, carrying charge and enabling the flow of electricity. The presence of ions in a substance can greatly impact its ability to conduct electricity.

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