Little question on the potential in a conducting spherical shell

In summary, the question is about finding the potential of a metal sphere with a positive charge Q, when it is inside a conducting spherical shell with an inner radius b and outer radius c. The total charge on the shell is -Q. After considering the charges and potential at different distances, the potential at any point r is calculated as Vtotal = kQ (1/r - 1/b). However, the textbook states that the potential is given by Vtotal = kQ (1/a - 1/b) at a specific point r = a. The discrepancy is resolved by considering the potential differences between points b and a, b and c, and c and infinity. Ultimately, it is important to specify the point at which the potential
  • #1
Lisa...
189
0
The question is:

A conducting spherical shell of inner radius b and outer radius c is concentric with a small metal sphere of radius
a < b. The metal sphere has a positive charge Q. The total charge on the conducting spherical shell is –Q. What is the potential of the metal sphere?

I thought: The potential of the metal sphere is measured when a < r < b and V= Vmetal sphere+ Vinner radius of shell+Vouter radius of shell

1) The metal sphere is to be considered as a point charge, therefore [tex]V_s_p_h_e_r_e= \frac{kQ}{r} [/tex]

2) The inner radius has charge -Q in order to compensate the charge of the metal sphere and if a< r < b then r < the inner radius of the metal sphere (b). Because the rule for a spherical shell is:

[tex] V= \frac{kQ}{r} [/tex] if r > R
[tex] V=\frac{kQ}{R} [/tex] if r < R

with R the radius of the spherical shell and r the distance from its center

V inner radius of shell= [tex]\frac{kQ}{b} [/tex]

3) The outer radius has charge 0 because a charge of -Q is induced on the inner sphere, a charge of +Q will be found on the outer spherical shell which already was -Q before the electrostatic equilibrium was established. Therefore Q outer radius= 0 and V outer radius=0

Summerizing:

Vtotal= [tex]\frac{kQ}{r} + \frac{kQ}{b} = kQ{\frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{b}[/tex]

though my textbook tells me Vtotal= [tex]kQ{\frac{1}{a} - \frac{1}{b}[/tex]

So who is right and who is wrong?
 
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  • #2
How can you have an r in your answer? You are asked for the potential at a particular point, r = a.

(1) What's the potential difference between points r = b & r = a?

(2) What's the potential difference between r = b & r = c? (Don't forget it's a conducting shell.)

(3) What's the potential difference between r = c & r = infinity? (The outer surface has zero charge.)
 
  • #3
Thank you I've figured it out now :)
 

1. What is the potential in a conducting spherical shell?

The potential in a conducting spherical shell is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge at any point inside or on the surface of the shell. It is determined by the distribution of electric charges on the shell and is constant throughout the entire shell.

2. How is the potential in a conducting spherical shell calculated?

The potential in a conducting spherical shell can be calculated using the formula V = kQ/r, where V is the potential, k is the Coulomb's constant, Q is the total charge on the shell, and r is the distance from the center of the shell to the point of interest.

3. What is the relationship between potential and electric field in a conducting spherical shell?

In a conducting spherical shell, the electric field is always perpendicular to the shell's surface, and its magnitude is directly proportional to the potential gradient. This means that the electric field is stronger where the potential changes more rapidly.

4. Does the potential in a conducting spherical shell affect the electric field inside the shell?

No, the potential in a conducting spherical shell does not affect the electric field inside the shell. This is because the electric field is determined solely by the distribution of charges on the shell, not by the potential.

5. What happens to the potential in a conducting spherical shell if an external electric field is applied?

If an external electric field is applied to a conducting spherical shell, the potential inside the shell will remain constant, but the charges on the surface of the shell will redistribute to cancel out the external field, resulting in no net electric field inside the shell.

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