Interesting Science article on migraine

In summary, the article in Science magazine discusses a new pathway between stressed neurons and trigeminal afferents that may explain the initiation of migraine headaches. This pathway involves cortical spreading depression (CSD), neuronal Pannexin1 (Panx1) megachannel opening, and release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from neurons. Suppression of this pathway can prevent CSD-induced trigeminovascular activation, dural mast cell degranulation, and headache. This finding sheds new light on the understanding of migraine headaches and their potential triggers.
  • #1
DrDu
Science Advisor
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In a recent volume of Science magazine, there was a very interesting article on
the genesis of migraine. However I found it very difficult to follow as a non-specialist.
Someone would like to comment on it?

Spreading Depression Triggers Headache by Activating Neuronal Panx1 Channels
Hulya Karatas,
Sefik Evren Erdener,
Yasemin Gursoy-Ozdemir,
Sevda Lule,
Emine Eren-Koçak,
Zümrüt Duygu Sen,
and Turgay Dalkara
Science 1 March 2013: 339 (6123), 1092-1095. [DOI:10.1126/science.1231897]

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6123/1092.abstract
 
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Biology news on Phys.org
  • #2
For others: Here is the abstract and some figures. The rest is behind a paywall.

Migraine is a common medical disorder. Unfortunately, how and why migraine headache is initiated is unclear. Karatas et al. (p. 1092) now describe a signaling pathway between stressed neurons and meningeal trigeminal afferents, which may explain how migraine headaches can be generated.

The initial phase in the development of a migraine is still poorly understood. Here, we describe a previously unknown signaling pathway between stressed neurons and trigeminal afferents during cortical spreading depression (CSD), the putative cause of migraine aura and headache. CSD caused neuronal Pannexin1 (Panx1) megachannel opening and caspase-1 activation followed by high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release from neurons and nuclear factor κB activation in astrocytes. Suppression of this cascade abolished CSD-induced trigeminovascular activation, dural mast cell degranulation, and headache. CSD-induced neuronal megachannel opening may promote sustained activation of trigeminal afferents via parenchymal inflammatory cascades reaching glia limitans. This pathway may function to alarm an organism with headache when neurons are stressed.

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/339/6123/1092.figures-only
 

1. What is the latest research on the causes of migraines?

The latest research on the causes of migraines suggests that they are caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. One theory is that people who experience migraines may have a hyper-excitable brain that is more sensitive to triggers such as stress, certain foods, and hormonal changes.

2. Can migraines be cured?

Currently, there is no cure for migraines. However, there are treatments available that can help reduce the frequency and severity of migraines. These include medications, lifestyle changes, and stress management techniques. It is important for individuals with migraines to work with their healthcare provider to find the best treatment plan for them.

3. Is there a link between migraines and other health conditions?

Studies have shown that there is a link between migraines and other health conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and cardiovascular disease. While the exact nature of this link is still being researched, it is important for individuals with migraines to be aware of their overall health and seek treatment for any other conditions they may have.

4. What are some common triggers for migraines?

Some common triggers for migraines include stress, certain foods (such as caffeine, alcohol, and processed meats), hormonal changes, and changes in sleep patterns. It is important for individuals with migraines to identify their specific triggers and try to avoid or manage them to prevent migraine attacks.

5. Are there any new treatments being developed for migraines?

Yes, there are new treatments being developed for migraines, including medications specifically designed to target the underlying causes of migraines, as well as non-invasive techniques such as nerve stimulation and neuromodulation. However, further research and clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness and safety of these treatments.

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