Spontanous symmetry breaking

In summary, the conversation discusses the concept of symmetry breaking and how it can occur at low temperatures when the free energy decreases. The critical temperature for this phenomenon is normally found by solving a self-consistent equation, but it can also be calculated by determining the temperature at which certain correlation functions for the normal state diverge.
  • #1
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I am bit confused by how to approach this concept with mean field theory. As I understand a symmetry break (like a acquiring a finite magnetization) can happen if at low enough temperatures the Free energy decreases when breaking the symmetry.
Normally this temperature is found by calculating a thermal average and solving a self-consistent equation for the critical temperature. But is it obvious, that this is the same as finding the critical temperature at which the free energy begins to decrease when breaking the symmetry?
 
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  • #2
As far as I remember, it is usually simpler to calculate the critical temperature as that temperature where some correlation functions calculated for the normal state diverge.
 

1. What is spontaneous symmetry breaking?

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is a phenomenon in physics where a system that is symmetric at the microscopic level exhibits a broken symmetry at the macroscopic level. This means that the laws of the system do not change, but the overall behavior and appearance of the system changes.

2. How does spontaneous symmetry breaking occur?

Spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs when the underlying potential energy of a system has multiple possible minimum values, but the system settles into one specific minimum value. This choice of the minimum value is random and can happen due to small fluctuations in the system.

3. What is an example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in nature?

One example of spontaneous symmetry breaking in nature is the Higgs mechanism, which explains how particles acquire mass in the Standard Model of particle physics. The Higgs field has multiple possible minimum values, but it settles into one specific value, resulting in particles having different masses.

4. How is spontaneous symmetry breaking related to phase transitions?

Spontaneous symmetry breaking is closely related to phase transitions, as both involve a change in the behavior and appearance of a system. Phase transitions occur when a system undergoes a change in its physical state, such as from a liquid to a gas or from a solid to a liquid. Spontaneous symmetry breaking can also occur during phase transitions, resulting in new phases with broken symmetries.

5. What are some applications of spontaneous symmetry breaking?

Spontaneous symmetry breaking has many applications in physics, including in the study of condensed matter systems, particle physics, and cosmology. It has also been used to explain the behavior of materials such as superconductors and superfluids. Additionally, the concept of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been applied to fields outside of physics, such as economics and social sciences.

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