Falling circuit in a magnetic field

In summary, we have a circuit composed of a square wire with certain physical properties and placed in a magnetic field. As it falls in the gravitational field, the magnetic flux through the circuit changes and induces a voltage. This results in a change in temperature, which can be calculated by considering the power dissipated by the resistance. The circuit will continue to experience a change in temperature until it has fully entered the magnetic field.
  • #1
henryc09
72
0

Homework Statement


1) a circuit is composed of a square wire of side length l, mass m,
resistance R and thermical capacity c. It is placed on the xz plane,
with corners at the points (0,0), (0,l), (l,0), (l,l). The magnetic field
is 0 for positive values of z, aligned along the y-axis and with absolute
value B for negative values of z. The circuit is left falling freely in
the gravitational field. Describe its temperature as a function of
time (not forgetting that in the beginning only one of the horizontal
wires with current feels the magnetic field!)


Homework Equations


[tex]\Delta[/tex]Q = mc[tex]\Delta[/tex]T


The Attempt at a Solution



I'm not really clear on why the temperature would be changing at all. Gravitational energy would be changed to kinetic energy as it falls. I suppose that as it falls the magnetic flux through the circuit changes and induces a voltage but I'm confused to what exactly this would do, and how it would affect temperature.

Any help would be appreciated!
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
OK been thinking about this a bit and have come up with this:

if Z is the position of the bottom of the circuit,

Z(t) = 1/2*g*t2

the change in magnetic flux through the surface, d[tex]\phi[/tex]/dt = d/dt [tex]\int[/tex]B.ds = -V (potential difference).

I think then that [tex]\int[/tex]B.ds = BlZ = 0.5 Blgt2.

Differentiating this gives V = Blgt

Can then consider the power dissipated by the resistance as V2/R = B2l2g2t2/R

The work done on the resistance is equal to [tex]\Delta[/tex]Q and so integrating the power between 0 and t gives [tex]\Delta[/tex]Q and hence the change in temperature, as long as the flux is still changing, i.e. the cicuit has not all entered the magnetic field yet. The time this stops can be worked out from standard constant acceleration formulae.

Can anyone confirm if I have done this correctly or not?
 

1. What is a falling circuit in a magnetic field?

A falling circuit in a magnetic field refers to a conducting loop or wire that is dropped or lowered into a magnetic field. As it falls, the magnetic field induces an electric current in the circuit, resulting in the production of a magnetic force that opposes the motion of the circuit. This phenomenon is known as electromagnetic induction.

2. How does a falling circuit in a magnetic field work?

As the circuit moves through the magnetic field, the changing magnetic flux induces an electric current in the circuit. This current produces a magnetic field that interacts with the original magnetic field, resulting in a force that opposes the motion of the circuit. This is described by Lenz's law, which states that the direction of the induced current will always be such that it opposes the change in magnetic flux.

3. What factors affect the motion of a falling circuit in a magnetic field?

The motion of a falling circuit in a magnetic field is affected by various factors, including the strength of the magnetic field, the size and shape of the circuit, the velocity of the circuit, and the resistance of the circuit. A stronger magnetic field or a larger and more conductive circuit will result in a greater induced current and a stronger magnetic force opposing the motion of the circuit.

4. What are some real-life applications of a falling circuit in a magnetic field?

A falling circuit in a magnetic field has various applications in technology, such as in generators and transformers. In generators, a rotating magnet induces a current in a stationary circuit, producing electricity. In transformers, the changing magnetic flux from a primary circuit induces a current in a secondary circuit, allowing for the transfer of electrical energy. This phenomenon is also used in some braking systems, such as regenerative braking in electric vehicles, where the motion of the wheels through a magnetic field generates electricity to slow down the vehicle.

5. How is a falling circuit in a magnetic field related to the concept of gravity?

Gravity plays a role in the motion of a falling circuit in a magnetic field, as it is responsible for the initial downward motion of the circuit. The magnetic force opposing the motion of the circuit is also affected by the force of gravity, as the weight of the circuit can influence the strength of the magnetic force. Additionally, the acceleration due to gravity can affect the velocity of the circuit and, therefore, the induced current and the resulting magnetic force.

Similar threads

  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
11
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
25
Views
259
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
113
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
7
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
722
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
10
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
23
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
16
Views
1K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
5
Views
3K
Back
Top