Quantum mechanics is a branch of physics that deals with the behavior of particles at a microscopic level, such as atoms and subatomic particles. It describes how these particles interact and behave in ways that are not explained by classical physics.
A quantum state is a mathematical description of the physical properties of a quantum system, such as the position, momentum, and energy of particles. It is represented by a wave function that evolves over time according to the laws of quantum mechanics.
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that it is impossible to know the exact position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This is because the act of measuring one property of a particle affects the other, making it impossible to have complete knowledge of both simultaneously.
Superposition is a fundamental concept in quantum mechanics where a particle can exist in multiple states or positions at the same time. This is represented by a wave function that contains all possible outcomes, and it is only when observed that the particle's state becomes definite.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon where two or more particles become connected in such a way that the state of one particle is dependent on the state of the other, even when they are separated by large distances. This is a non-local and instantaneous correlation that cannot be explained by classical physics.