Sociology Question about functionalism/conflict theory

[JRDunassigned]

I'm having trouble grasping my hands right around the ideas of functionalists view the politics of America?

Politics I like, sociology I'm not convinced of yet.

Also, how do their views differ, at all, from conflict theorists? I don't understand what their basis of thought is...

 

[changeseeker]

Actually, functionalism is pretty dead in sociology. The idea pushed by Parsons and his colleagues was that societies had needs and so people's behavior occurred to accommodate those needs. So the system needs a way to cure people, so the medical profession exists. But notice the difficulties with functionalism. The world's needs are always satisfied by those institutions; else, why would those institutions exist?

To my knowledge, the only social scientists to persist with functionalist thinking are economists. Economists say that technologies exist to make things more efficient. So if you look around you, the world is efficient; otherwise, those technologies would not exist. It's another form of functionalist thinking. The world is always efficient because new technologies come about, those that are not efficient are weeded out, and those that survive are the most efficient. They ignore that the "best technology" may not win out because of personal preferences, fads, social networks (not the network effects economists talk about but the ones that create gatekeepers who determine who adopts a technology because they are in the network and who doesn't because they are disconnected from the people in the know).

Conflict theory persists in sociology today. The idea is that the world is made up of elites and non elites, haves and non haves, whether these are people and groups. They compete for resources, and those who form the strongest coalitions win; the others either lose a battle but not the war, or are completely vanquished. A lot of effort goes into defining why some people identify with some groups and not others (in-group vs. out-group phenomenon). Humans seem to form groups around the most trivial things. Even children who are labeled into the red team versus the blue team end up in conflict.

But there are other theories in sociology such as institutionalism, culturalism, etc. Why the focus on conflict vs. functionalism?

I'm having trouble grasping my hands right around the ideas of functionalists view the politics of America?

Politics I like, sociology I'm not convinced of yet.

Also, how do their views differ, at all, from conflict theorists? I don't understand what their basis of thought is...

 

[Architeuthis Dux]

I understand your struggle to grasp the concepts of functionalism and conflict theory within the context of politics in America. These theories are often used in sociology to understand the social structures and systems in society, including the political system.

Functionalism views society as a system with interconnected parts that work together to maintain social order and stability. This perspective sees politics as a necessary function in society that helps maintain social harmony and ensure the needs of individuals are met. In other words, functionalists view politics as a means to maintain social equilibrium and promote the well-being of society as a whole.

On the other hand, conflict theory sees society as a constantly changing and evolving system that is characterized by inequality and power struggles between different groups. Within the context of politics, conflict theorists view the political system as a reflection of these power struggles, with those in power using their influence to maintain their status and control over marginalized groups. This theory highlights the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities in society and how it is perpetuated through political institutions.

The main difference between functionalism and conflict theory is in their focus and perspective. While functionalism emphasizes the importance of social order and harmony, conflict theory highlights the role of power dynamics and inequality in shaping society.

In terms of their basis of thought, functionalism is grounded in the idea that society is a complex system that functions to meet the needs of its members, while conflict theory is based on the idea that society is characterized by constant struggles for power and resources.

I hope this brief explanation helps you better understand these theories and their application to the politics of America. It's important to note that both functionalism and conflict theory offer valuable insights into understanding the complexities of society and can be used together to gain a more comprehensive understanding. Keep exploring and questioning to deepen your understanding of sociology and its various perspectives.