Understanding Salt Crystal Lattice: Factors Influencing Crystal System Selection

In summary, the crystal lattice of a salt is determined by thermodynamics and kinetics, with each compound having its own "best" crystal form. The least stable form usually crystallizes first according to Ostwald's rule, which is controlled by kinetics. The cubic lattice system is not always the most stable or fastest forming, as it depends on the specific compound being crystallized.
  • #1
jd12345
256
2
What decides that which salt will take up which crystal lattice?
Some salts have cubic lattice , some have hexagonal , some have orthorhombic - but what factor decides which crystal system the salt will take over. Most of the examples i have seen consist of cubic lattice system. Is it becasue it is the most symmetrical?
 
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  • #2
jd12345 said:
What decides that which salt will take up which crystal lattice?
Some salts have cubic lattice , some have hexagonal , some have orthorhombic - but what factor decides which crystal system the salt will take over. Most of the examples i have seen consist of cubic lattice system. Is it becasue it is the most symmetrical?

It is because it is most energetically favorable or kinetically favorable. Thermodynamics and kinetics determine crystal form.
 
  • #3
didnt understand that clearly. Does cubic form faster than other forms?
And why is cubic form themost stable?
 
  • #4
jd12345 said:
didnt understand that clearly. Does cubic form faster than other forms?
And why is cubic form themost stable?

No, it is not a general case of cubic being the most stable. Each compound has its own "best" crystal form.
 
  • #5
jd12345 said:
didnt understand that clearly. Does cubic form faster than other forms?
And why is cubic form themost stable?

I don't know if cubic forms faster than other forms or if it is more stable. It would depend on that which is being crystallized.

Read more here. Notice that Ostwald's rule states that the least stable form usually crystallizes first. That tendency is obviously under kinetic control more so than thermodynamic.
 

1. What is a salt crystal lattice?

A salt crystal lattice is a repeating three-dimensional arrangement of positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions. This structure forms when a salt compound, such as sodium chloride (table salt), is dissolved in water and then allowed to evaporate, leaving behind the crystal lattice.

2. What factors influence the selection of crystal systems in salt crystals?

The selection of crystal systems in salt crystals is influenced by several factors, including the size and charge of the ions in the salt compound, the temperature and pressure during crystallization, and the presence of impurities. These factors affect the arrangement and stability of the crystal lattice, leading to the formation of different crystal systems.

3. How do different crystal systems in salt crystals affect their properties?

The crystal system of a salt crystal can greatly impact its physical and chemical properties. For example, crystals with a cubic system have equal lengths for all three axes, making them more symmetrical and less susceptible to cleavage. On the other hand, crystals with a monoclinic system have unequal axes, resulting in a less symmetrical structure that is more prone to cleavage.

4. Can salt crystals have more than one crystal system?

Yes, it is possible for salt crystals to have more than one crystal system. This is known as polymorphism, where different crystal structures can form from the same chemical compound. For example, calcium carbonate can form both calcite and aragonite crystals, which have different crystal systems.

5. How do scientists study and understand salt crystal lattice structures?

Scientists use a variety of techniques, such as X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, to study and understand salt crystal lattice structures. These techniques allow them to determine the arrangement of atoms in the crystal lattice, as well as the distances between them. Additionally, computer simulations and modeling can also provide valuable insights into the behavior and properties of salt crystals.

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