Photo-electric effect-calculating the saturation current

In summary: Keep in mind that all light from the lamp is incident on the photo-cell.In summary, the question asks for the saturation current in two different photo-electric experiments with different wavelengths of light. The saturation current is not only dependent on intensity, but also on wavelength. Therefore, the number of photons per second must be calculated for each experiment and used to determine the saturation current. The fact that all light from the lamp is incident on the photo-cell must also be taken into account.
  • #1
K29
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Got an exam soon, and a question came up in a past paper that I'm not too sure if my reasoning is right.

If we have a lamp outputting 10W or 10J.s-1 and we do one photo-electric experiment with wavelength 150 nm and one with 300nm light, what will be the saturation current for each experiment. Oh and we assume ALL light from the lamp is incident on the photo-cell.

Now if you believe that saturation current is "only dependant on intensity" then you have been subjected to a very HORRID ambiguity and should leave now and go do some reading. (The physics-forums archive has some nice threads on this) btw higher frequency implies lower current. Its in my physics lab notes and I've done some lab work on this and confirmed it :O.

SOLUTION ATTEMPT

Well I can get the number of photon's per second. Its simple:
[tex]\frac{EnergyPerSecond}{EnergyPerPhoton}= PhotonsPerSecond[/tex]
So using the info we have we use[tex]E=hf[/tex] to get the energy per photon in Joules.
And of course Energy per second is 10J.s-1.

Now for a saturating current we know that all photo-electrons make it to the collector plate. So the number of photons from the light source per second are equal to the number of photo-electrons per second. So since an amp is equal to 6.241 × 1018 electrons per second. We can easily get the current. yay! right?
 
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  • #2
That's not quite the right approach. Saturation current is not only determined by intensity; it's also dependent on wavelength. Short wavelengths (which corresponds to higher frequency) will result in a higher saturation current than longer wavelengths. For each experiment, you'll need to calculate the number of photons per second using the given wavelength, and then use that to calculate the saturation current.
 

1. What is the photo-electric effect and how does it relate to calculating the saturation current?

The photo-electric effect is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a material when it is exposed to light. When calculating the saturation current, the photo-electric effect is used to determine the maximum number of electrons that can be emitted from a material.

2. How is the saturation current calculated?

The saturation current can be calculated using the equation: Is = A*T2*e(-Eg/kT), where A is the area of the material, T is the temperature, Eg is the material's band gap energy, and k is the Boltzmann constant.

3. What factors affect the saturation current?

The saturation current is affected by the material's area, temperature, and band gap energy. Additionally, the intensity and wavelength of the light source also play a role in determining the saturation current.

4. Can the saturation current be increased?

Yes, the saturation current can be increased by increasing the intensity of the light source, increasing the temperature of the material, or decreasing the band gap energy. However, there is a limit to how much the saturation current can be increased, as it is ultimately dependent on the material's properties.

5. What are the practical applications of calculating the saturation current?

Calculating the saturation current is important in understanding the behavior of materials under light exposure. It is used in the development of photovoltaic devices, such as solar cells, and in the design of electronic devices, such as photodetectors and image sensors.

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