The structure of NaN3, or sodium azide, is a linear molecule with a central nitrogen atom bonded to three sodium atoms on one side and a single nitrogen atom on the other side. The molecular formula is N3Na, and it is commonly used as a propellant in airbags.
N2, or nitrogen gas, is a diatomic molecule that exists as a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) due to its low molecular weight and weak intermolecular forces. At STP, the molecules of N2 have enough thermal energy to overcome these weak forces and remain in the gas state.
P, or phosphorus, is a nonmetal element that exists as a solid at STP due to its relatively high atomic weight and strong intermolecular forces. These forces are strong enough to keep the molecules of P in a solid state at STP despite the thermal energy present.
The linear structure of NaN3 is a result of the bonding between the nitrogen and sodium atoms. Sodium has a single valence electron, which it donates to the nitrogen atom, forming a triple bond. This results in a linear arrangement of the atoms in the molecule.
The linear structure of NaN3 is important for its use as an airbag propellant. When the compound is ignited, it rapidly decomposes into nitrogen gas, which rapidly expands, filling the airbag and providing a cushion for the passenger. The linear structure of NaN3 allows for a more efficient and rapid decomposition process.