Momentum & gravitation question

In summary, the conversation discusses a problem involving a spacecraft passing by an asteroid and the effects of gravitational force on its momentum. The conversation also mentions using a program to model the interaction between the two objects and the difficulty in estimating the change in momentum without using a program. Finally, the conversation raises a question about the mass of the asteroid and whether it can be computed from its volume and density.
  • #1
teclo
117
0
hi, here's the problem I'm working on.


a spacecraft is passing by an asteroid. the spaceship is moving at 10 m/s relative to the asteroid. here is picture

X (spaceship) -=> 10 m/s |
|
|
| 1200 km
|
|
A (asteroid)

given is the mass of the spaceship, the volume of the asteroid, and the theoretical density of the asteroid

a) make a rough diagram to show the effect, well obviously the gravitational force will point from X-A and it will incrase the closer they get, then decrase the further away they get. it will accelerate towards the asteroid while the gravitational force is significant

b) make a rought estimate of the change of momentum for the spacecraft from encountering the asteroid.

here I'm not sure how to do it. we've been using vpython to model stuff, and it would seem like i could write a program that would start their interaction at the a fair distance away, where the gravitational force is negligable, and run the program updating the momentum of the spacecraft until it reaches the same distance on the other side of the asteroid. i could then subtract the position that it ends up at, from where it would be at if there would have been no gravitational interaction.

i'm just wondering if anyone could offer some advice on how to look at this without using a program. there has to be a way, hence 'rough estimate'

if anyone could help, i'd be rather appreciative! out of the other two questions, one is easy. the density turned out to be a lot smaller, they would know that because the momentum wouldn't change as much if the mass was smaller than theorized. however, it asks how much the momentum would change during one day.

anyway I'm a bit confused, and i would really appreciate anyone who could offer some insight!
 
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  • #2
well my diagram didn't work out well the x component of the distance vector was a bit larger, i guess you could estimate it (assuming the book is drawn to scale) as 2400 km so you've got a <2400,1200> for the distance (as an assumption, the 2400 is not actually given or eluded to in any way shape or form)
 
  • #3
The mass of the spaceship should be irrelivant.

What is the mass of the asteroid?

or are you supposed to compute that from the volume and density?
 

1. What is momentum?

Momentum is a physical quantity that describes the motion of an object. It is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity.

2. How is momentum calculated?

Momentum is calculated by multiplying an object's mass (m) by its velocity (v), or p = mv. The SI unit for momentum is kilogram-meter per second (kg∙m/s).

3. What is the law of conservation of momentum?

The law of conservation of momentum states that in a closed system, the total momentum before an event must be equal to the total momentum after the event. This means that momentum is conserved in a system, even if there are external forces acting on the objects within the system.

4. How does gravity affect momentum?

Gravity is a force that acts on objects with mass, causing them to accelerate towards each other. This acceleration affects an object's momentum by changing its velocity. For example, when an object is falling towards the Earth, its momentum increases as it gains speed due to the force of gravity.

5. How is momentum related to gravitation?

Momentum and gravitation are related through the law of universal gravitation, which states that every object in the universe attracts every other object with a force that is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This means that the gravitational force between two objects affects their momentum as they move towards each other.

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