Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a known solution of a specific concentration.
In titration, a known volume of the unknown solution is placed in a flask and then a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, is slowly added to it until the reaction is complete. The volume of the titrant required to complete the reaction is used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.
The purpose of a titration is to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. It is commonly used in chemistry experiments and in quality control processes to ensure the accuracy of solutions.
To calculate the concentration of the unknown solution, you need to know the volume and concentration of the titrant, as well as the volume of the unknown solution used in the titration. Using this information, you can use the formula M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the concentration of the titrant, V1 is the volume of the titrant used, M2 is the concentration of the unknown solution, and V2 is the volume of the unknown solution used.
The endpoint in a titration is the point at which the reaction between the unknown solution and the titrant is complete. This is typically indicated by a color change, known as the endpoint indicator, or by using an instrument such as a pH meter to detect a change in pH. The endpoint is used to determine the volume of the titrant needed to complete the reaction, which is then used to calculate the concentration of the unknown solution.