Schwarzschild and Reissner–Nordström metrics

In summary, the conversation discussed the different forms of the metric for a non-rotating and charge neutral spherically symmetric object, also known as the Schwarzschild metric. It was then mentioned that the metric changes when the charge is not neutral, and the resulting metric is known as the Reissner-Nordström metric. The conversation also included the definition of solid angle and provided references for further reading.
  • #1
Orion1
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A non-rotating [itex]J = 0[/itex] and charge neutral [itex]Q = 0[/itex] spherically symmetric metric is defined by the Schwarzschild metric:
[tex]c^2 {d \tau}^{2} = \left(1 - \frac{r_s}{r} \right) c^2 dt^2 - \frac{dr^2}{1 - \frac{r_s}{r}} - r^2 d\theta^2 - r^2 \sin^2 \theta \, d\phi^2 \right)[/tex]

The next metric form for a non-rotating [itex]J = 0[/itex] and charged [itex]Q \neq 0[/itex] spherically symmetric metric is defined as:
[tex]c^2 {d \tau}^{2} = \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}} \right) c^2 dt^2 - \frac{dr^2}{1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}}} - r^2 d\theta^2 - r^2 \sin^2 \theta \, d\phi^2 \right)[/tex]

Which reduces directly to the Schwarzschild metric for [itex]Q = 0[/itex].
Wikipedia said:
In the limit that the charge [itex]Q[/itex] (or equivalently, the length-scale [itex]r_Q[/itex]) goes to zero, one recovers the Schwarzschild metric.

However, the formal definition for a non-rotating [itex]J = 0[/itex] and charged [itex]Q \neq 0[/itex] spherically symmetric metric is the Reissner–Nordström metric:
[tex]c^2 {d \tau}^{2} = \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}} \right) c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{dr^{2}}{1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}}} - r^{2} d\Omega^{2}[/tex]

Where the solid angle is defined as:
[tex]d \Omega^2 = d \theta^2 + \sin^2 \theta d \phi^2[/tex]

The Reissner–Nordström metric:
[tex]\boxed{c^2 {d \tau}^{2} = \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}} \right) c^2 dt^2 - \frac{dr^2}{1 - \frac{r_{s}}{r} + \frac{r_{Q}^{2}}{r^{2}}} - r^2 d\theta^2 - r^2 \sin^2 \theta \, d\phi^2 \right)}[/tex]

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild_metric"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reissner-Nordström_black_hole"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid_angle"
 
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  • #2
[tex]d \Omega^2 = d \theta^2 + \sin^2 \theta d \phi^2[/tex]
 
  • #3
It might just be me but... what's the point of this thread?
 

1. What is the Schwarzschild metric and what does it represent?

The Schwarzschild metric is a solution to Einstein's field equations in general relativity. It describes the geometry of spacetime around a non-rotating, spherically symmetric mass, such as a black hole. This metric represents the effects of gravity on the curvature of spacetime.

2. How is the Schwarzschild metric related to the concept of a black hole?

The Schwarzschild metric is used to describe the spacetime around a non-rotating, spherically symmetric mass, which is the simplest model for a black hole. It is used to calculate the event horizon, which is the point of no return for anything that gets too close to a black hole, and other important properties of black holes.

3. What is the Reissner-Nordström metric and how does it differ from the Schwarzschild metric?

The Reissner-Nordström metric is a solution to Einstein's field equations that describes the geometry of spacetime around a charged, non-rotating object. This metric differs from the Schwarzschild metric in that it takes into account the effects of both gravity and electromagnetism. It is used to describe the spacetime around a charged black hole.

4. Can the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström metrics be used to describe all black holes?

No, these metrics are only applicable to non-rotating and charged black holes, respectively. To describe rotating black holes, the Kerr metric is used. Additionally, these metrics are based on classical physics and do not take into account quantum effects, so they are not suitable for describing very small black holes or those at the quantum level.

5. Are there any real-world applications of the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström metrics?

Yes, these metrics are used in various astrophysical scenarios to model the behavior of black holes and their surrounding environments. They are also important in the study of gravitational lensing, which is the bending of light by massive objects, and in the development of theories that aim to reconcile general relativity with quantum mechanics.

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