Understanding Interference in Thin Glass: The Role of Ray 2 and 5 Explained

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In summary, only ray 2 and 5 are considered in the diagram because they produce the most visible interference pattern. Other higher order reflections may occur, but they are much dimmer and do not significantly contribute to the interference. Additionally, the phase shift for ray 5 and 5A is the same as 2 and 5, leading to constructive interference. However, this argument only applies to positive interference and for angles with negative interference, every second reflection has an opposite effect. These secondary reflections are typically weak, with subsequent reflections rapidly decreasing in power.
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As shown in the diagram , why only ray 2 and 5 are considered? When ray 4 strikes the top interface from underneath, some is reflected. Why this ray is not considered?
 
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Of course, you may calculate higher orders (4 reflects, then travels parallel to 3 - call it 3A, then 3A reflects from bottom surface, making 4A ray, which then refracts to 5A).

Two issues:
1. every such reflection is much dimmer, than previous ones. So the interference pattern from the first order is the most visible;
2. phase shift 5-5A is exactly the same, as as 2-5. Constructive interference occurs when 2-5 phase shift is n*2π. For 5A you'll have 2*n*2π - still positive interference. But - to be honest - this argument works only for positive intereference! For the angles exhibiting negative interference, every second reflection acts opposite.
 
  • #3
Secondary reflections are typically quite weak. Standard Fresnel reflections from air/glass for example is about 4-5% in power. The secondary reflections are then at most (0.05)^2 - 0.25% of the original wave. Subsequent reflections rapidly drop off in power.

Claude.
 

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