A battery is a device that stores and releases electrical energy in the form of chemical energy. Its main purpose is to provide a source of power for electronic devices.
A battery contains two electrodes, a positive and a negative, and an electrolyte. When a circuit is connected between the electrodes, a chemical reaction occurs in the electrolyte which results in the transfer of electrons from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. This flow of electrons creates an electric current, which can power a device.
The charge transfer in a battery occurs through a chemical reaction between the electrodes and the electrolyte. This reaction causes an excess of electrons on the negative electrode and a deficiency of electrons on the positive electrode, creating a potential difference between the two plates. The electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, equalizing the charge and creating an electric current.
The charge in a battery is measured in coulombs (C). One coulomb is equal to the charge of 6.24 x 10^18 electrons.
The charge capacity of a battery is determined by the amount of charge it can hold, which is measured in ampere-hours (Ah). This value is dependent on the size and composition of the electrodes, as well as the type of electrolyte used in the battery. A higher charge capacity means the battery can provide power for a longer period of time.