Associating Abstract Spaces with Real Intervals: A Puzzling Continuity

In summary, the conversation discusses the existence of a continuous function from a normal space X to an interval [a,b]. It is explained that since X is a normal space, there exist two disjoint closed subsets A and B. The conversation then delves into the concept of continuity in this situation and clarifies that a function can be defined from any set to any other set, and since both the domain and range sets are topological spaces, continuity is also defined. The concept of the Urysohn lemma is introduced, stating that in a normal space, given two disjoint (open) sets A and B, there exists a continuous function f from the space to the interval [0,1] with f(A)=0 and f(B)=
  • #1
waht
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It roughly says there exists a continuous function from a normal space X to some interval [a,b]

Since the the space is a normal space, there exist two disjoints closed subsets A and B.

What I don't understand is how can you associate some abstract space with a real interval and is continuous as well?
 
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  • #2
I'm afraid you'll have to clarify your question. Certainly you can define a function from any set to any other. Since, in this case, both domain and range sets are topological spaces, continuity is also defined.
 
  • #3
what I don't get is how you can have a continuous tranformation from disjoint sets to a continuous interval in R.
 
  • #4
Why don't you get that? Consider the subsets [0,1) and [1,2], they are disjoint and the obvious map is continuous map onto the interval [0,2].

However, this doesn't really bare much relation to the Urysohn lemma which staes that in a normal space, S, given two disjoint (open) sets A and B there is continuous map f from S to [0,1] with f(A)=0 f(B)=1.

How you should think of this is as follows: we'll define f(A)=0, now, we'll put A inside lots of nested subsets that you should think of as filling out to occupy all of S and in such a way that f(B)=1
 
  • #5
For example: Let A= (0, 1), B= (2,3). Then the "Urysohn function" might be f(x)= 0 if 0<x < 1, f(x)= x-1 if [itex]1\le x\le 2[/itex], f(x)= 1 if 2< x< 3.
 
  • #6
Thanks for the insights.

Just a have another quick question, Is such a map a homemorphism?
 
  • #7
How can it be? it has to be constant on A and B so if they're not one point setes then it fails to be bijective straight away,

Further more you're defining a map to the interval [0,1]. Are you saying you think all normal spaces are homeomorphic to the unit interval?
 
  • #8
look at it backwards. if f is a continuous function from a space X to the interval [a,b], then the inverse image of {a} is clsoed,a s is the inverse image of {b}.

what about a converse? i.e. given closed sets A, B in X, is there a continuous function f on X such that they are the inverse images of {a} and {b}? urysohn says what you need to assume abut X for that to be true.
 
  • #9
"given closed sets A, B in X, is there a continuous function f on X such that they are the inverse images of {a} and {b}"

That makes a lot more sense now. I always like to think that everything is homemorphic, but I fail see that.

I'm a visual learner, so I'm trying to visual this as blobs of areas mapping to an interval. But I'm not sure if that's a correct interpratation either.

I'm studying the proof now, it's a killer, heh.
 
  • #10
naw its trivial, just tghink backwards, i.e. how do you define afunction from its levels ets/ i.e. a function isd ewtermiend if you know for all real t where it equals t.

so just set it equal to 0 on A and equal to 1 on B. then where should it equal 1/2? on some set that separates A from B. let's see, i guess you just need to construct a sequence of closed sets.


hmmm what is a nokormal space anyway? you can separate any two clsoed sets by open sets? or soemthing?

anyway given A and B choose two more clsoed sets, disjoint and havcing A,B respectivel;y in their interiors. These will be where the function is <= 1/4 and >= 3/4 or something. then do it again,...

its a littl complicated but just work backwards, i.e. think of having sucha function and ask what the sets look, olike where it is <= k/2^n for all k,n. then the definition fo normals epace is amde so you can actually have such sets nesated in the right way, and them you just define the function to behave as it should.

so tyuo should try it first then read it then try to understand it this way, or any way you like. but it is trivial. just complicated.
 
  • #11
I tend to think of Urysohn in terms of balloons. This is just a visual way of relating mathwonk's idea.

Normal means (I tihnk) that closed sets are separated, so imagine an open set around A as a balloon and you inflate it until it touches B. Think of time parametrizing the inflation as your function from [0,1].
 
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  • #12
i like that makes it seem simpler and more imaginable.
 
  • #13
Havent had a chance to look over the proof yet, but now I'm giving it a stab The inflating balloon example makes a lot more sense. The more I think about it, the more trivial it is indeed. But the details are still a little murky. For instance, the open sets enclosing A that are inflated as time goes on, are indexed to rational numbers. This is from Munkres book. The way I see it, time parametrizing skips over all irrationals on [0,1]?
 
  • #14
It won't skip the irrationals at all. (If it skipped any value, t, in [0,1] then the orginal set must be disconnected into at least two open/closed components, the inverse images of [0,t) and (t,1], and [0,t], [t,1], which are open/closed in the subspace topology. Thus we have at least two components one around each of A and B making the construction of such a function trivial indeed: make it 0 on the one containing A and zero on the one containing B, and do whatever you want on the other components.)

The point about continuiuty is that loosely you can infer values from surrounding points, can't you?
 
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  • #15
this is basic to reals. all can b e described as limits of sequences of rationals. the countability of the rationals, makes the construction feasible. then you take a limit to get the irrationals.
 

1. What is the purpose of "Associating Abstract Spaces with Real Intervals: A Puzzling Continuity"?

The purpose of this study is to explore the concept of associating abstract mathematical spaces with real intervals in order to better understand the continuity between these two types of spaces.

2. Why is understanding the continuity between abstract and real spaces important?

Understanding the continuity between abstract and real spaces is important because it allows us to bridge the gap between theoretical mathematical concepts and their practical applications in the real world. It also helps us to develop a deeper understanding of the underlying principles and connections between different mathematical concepts.

3. What are the main findings of this study?

The main findings of this study include the development of a framework for associating abstract spaces with real intervals, as well as the identification of key properties and relationships between these spaces. The study also discusses the implications of these findings for understanding the continuity between abstract and real spaces.

4. How was the study conducted?

This study was conducted using a combination of theoretical analysis and mathematical proofs, as well as examples and illustrations to demonstrate the concepts and relationships being discussed. The researchers also consulted various sources and literature on the topic to support their findings.

5. What are the potential applications of the findings from this study?

The findings from this study have potential applications in various fields such as physics, computer science, and engineering where abstract mathematical concepts are often used to model and solve real-world problems. They can also be used to improve our understanding and approach to teaching and learning abstract mathematics.

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